Full text of "PROFILES - Volume 3 Number 5 (1985-12)(Kaypro Corp)(US)"

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The Magazine for Kaypro Users

The ZSystem:
A close encounter

■ ; '

RCPMs

UAAinVMAIVI

TURN YOUR KAYPRO ON TO HANDYMAN ! II

AUTODIALER

• Use your modem to make phone calls auto-
matically without exiting the program you are
already working on!!!

NOTEPAD

• Write a note, paragraph, letter, a whole file^
anytime, from within any other program'"" '

• Edit another file without leaving your
current file!!!

CALCULATOR

• Punch up a four function calculator anytime
whenever your computer is on!!! Works in
decimal, binary, hex!!! Works from within a
spread sheet, or any other program!!!

NT CALENDAR

Check your calendar, schedule appointments
anytime your Kaypro is on!!!
Monthly calendars 1752-2099 AD!!

DIRECTORY

• Check the directory of any disk, any user number,
from within any program!!!

• Display the contents of another file on your
screen at any time!!!

SCREEN DUMP

• Printthe screen. . .any screen (minus graphics),
at any time!!!

• Dump to your printer, or to a disk file!!!

"Disk Full" message?
With HANDYMAN you can check the disk
directory and erase superfluous files from
within any program!!!

Turn your Kaypro on!!! HANDYMAN is there!!!

HANDYMAN is a plug-in board for your Kaypro!!!
HANDYMAN Works with all Kaypro CP/M models!!!
HANDYMAN Easy to install!!!
HANDYMAN We'll talk you through it over the phone!!!

HANDYMAN Includes software in ROM and its own working RAM!!!

HANDYMAN You never have to load it!

HANDYMAN Single stroke commands!!!

HANDYMAN is compatible with all CP/M application programs!!!

HANDYMAN Uses no main memory!!!

High Tech Research

3010 FLOYD STREET • BURBANK, CALIFORNIA 91504 • (213) 849-7713

YES! Send me

HANDYMAN(s) at $124.95 each.

(quantity) at $124.95

California residents add 6.5%

Shipping and handling 5.00
TOTAL $

Sales tax

My KAYPRO is:
HDD 2-84
2X □ □ 4
4-84 D D 10
Robie □ □ 10-84
4XDD 12X

Charge my
Card #

D Wordstar □ Perfect Writer NOTEPAD command set

Exp.

C.O.D. and checks drawn on US banks also accepted.

Trademarks Kaypro (Kaypro Corporation) Wordstar (MicroPro International Corporation) Perfect Writer (Perfect Software, Inc.)

Our Elves Can

Kay pro 16

256 to 5 12 Memory Upgrade Kit $69.95

PRINTER MUFFLER . . . reduce printer noise; internal size — 24" wide,

18" deep, 11" high; 3 viewing windows; cream color with

oak trim (shipping not included) $ 149.95

NEW: PARALLEL EXPANSION BOARD ... add additional decoder
parallel ports to any CP/M Kaypro; applications include — Microsphere
RAM Disk interface; parallel modem interface, additional printer port; IEEE-
488 interface $50.00

KAYPRO II to IV UPGRADE . . . includes 2.5 Mhz to 5 Mhz speedup,
two 390K disk drives (double sided to replace single sided); price does not
include shipping $395.00

Electronic RAM Disk and Printer Buffer Combination— the
ultimate add-on for Kaypro I, II, 4, 2-84, 2X and 10 Computers.

Incredible speed and efficiency are offered using Microsphere's dual
operation Electronic RAM disk and printer buffer. No longer will you
need to wait for your Kaypro to slowly finish mundane tasks such as
running a printer or waiting for floppy drives to turn when you have
better things to do.

Features:

* Can be powered externally * 255 directory entries

* 10 MHz microprocessor speed * Choice of drive A or E

* Compatible with Pro 8 and Plu-Perfect or 5 MHz speed up kits
■k RAM disk memory not lost on cold boot or reset of Kaypro

* Printer buffer runs independently of RAM disk operation

* Printer buffer sizes available: 4K, 32K, 64K
+ Fully buffered data transfer using Z80 PIO

* Micro Cornucopia Pro 8 Version 8 ROM includes RAM Disk Code

* On 4-84 the standard installation disables either internal
modem or real time clock unless Expansion Board is installed

* All installation materials included in listed price except for
Parallel Expansion Board

Any RAM Disk listed below can be expanded to lmb
by adding memory chips.

Tested RAM Disk without RAM Chips . . $295.00

256K RAM Disk $370 00

5 12K RAM Disk $445'.00

768K RAM Disk $520.00

1MB RAM Disk $595.00

When ordering, specify computer model and
printer buffer size.

Adapter board free with purchase of a 1MB
RAM Disk.

4MHz Kaypro
Time Floppy RAM

Comparisons Disk Disk

Recal 14K Perfect Calc 9:31.25 1:17.78

LoadLADDER.COM 9.38 * 2.12 *

Load Printer Buffer

20K file, 11 pages,

2586 words using PIP to /

the LST device 24.61 * M

Gift Wrap, too!

Infocom ADVENTURE Games/Kaypro or PC Format

2Zork 1 $34.95

3 Zork 2 39.95

3Zork3 39.95

4 Deadline 44.95

4 Starcross 44.95

4 Suspended 44.95

2 Witness 44.95

2 Planetfall 44.95

LEVELS: l=Jr., 2=Standard, 3=Advanced, 4=Expert
INVISICLUES available at $7.95 each for all above games

2 Enchanter 44.95

3 Infidel 39.95

3 Sorcerer 39.95

1 Seastalker 34.95

2 Cutthroats 34.95

2 Hitchhikers 34.95

3 Suspect 39.95

A NEW DIMENSION FOR KAYPRO COMPUTERS Color Graphics

Board. Features 16 colors, 32 sprites, 256x192 bit mapped graphics.

Software includes 3 editors, drivers and routines to access graphics system.

Utilities include screen dump to disk and printer. Dual screen operation.

Color Board for Kaypro I, II, 4, 2-84, 2X, 4-84,

10 and Robie $145.00

Special: Color Board and Deluxe TLC Logo $199.95

NEW: LOGO APPLICATIONS PROGRAM DISK ... Use with
Deluxe TLC Logo; includes multiple turtle programs,

multi-processing applications $15.00

*** Above APPLICATIONS Disk FREE***
with Color Board &. Deluxe Logo Purchase

TLC LOGO for Kaypro Computers. Easy and exciting
language for all ages. TLC LOGO is an exceptionally complete
logo with vectors, multiple turtles, full floating point decimals
and extremely fast program execution.

TWO versions offered:

STANDARD version using only internal graphics of Kaypro

2-84, 4-84, 2X and 10; no hardware additions or

modifications required; 16,000 pixel resolution.

$99.95

CHRISTMAS SPECIAL . . .

Thru Dec. 20, 1985 $79.97

DELUXE version for all Kaypro Computers
that have the Microsphere color Graphics
board. Features 16 colors, 32 sprites,
49,000 pixel resolution and utilities such
as screen dump to printer or disk.
$129.95

I INSTANT GRAPHER 2.1 (For use with
Color Graphics Board) Creates bar charts,
stacked bar charts, hi/low, line graphs
from keyboard, Perfect Calc, CalcStar or
text files $40.00

The Word Plus

90K file search for 1st misspelled word

(note: programs may run different speeds

due to a variety of disk access protocols

and computer speeds)

Microsphere RAM Disk . 32.00*

Advent RAM Disk 34.00*

Time in seconds

iSfSH^'.SSSHS™ 3 iI8,i8

wmmm

Kaypro is a registered trademark of the Kaypro Corporation TLC® LOGO is a trademark of LISP Company

CATALOG &

COMPLETE DESCRIPTION

AVAILABLE!

Microsphere, Inc.

P.O. Box 1221

Bend, Oregon 97709

503-388-1194

9-5 Pacific Time

Dealer inquiries invited.

-^iE' : t@'--»:>&; : ii?M

CP/M LIVES!

WestWind

;.";'

ze SuperCalcZ

The

NEXT GENERATION

of Products from West Wind Computer is Here!

Now available for CP/M Systems including Osborne, Kaypro, Morrow, TeleVideo, Xerox and more

The Revolutionary NEW Drive C 2!

Up to 1 MegaByte of RAM-disk, Print Buffer and giant EXPANDED-MEMORY SuperSi

BackPac!

Battery Backup for Drive C

NEW! 8- and 16-bit Trantor Hard Disks!

Use BOTH CP/M and IBM PC-DOS or MS-DOS on the SAME drive.

NEW! Daisy-chain Trantor Hard Disks!

Now, ADD more capacity as easy as plugging in a cable.

NEW! 19 Meg Tape System!

Quick, reliable low-cost Backup capability.

5 Meg Removable Cartridge System!

Removable Drive flexibility AND Backup capability. Ideal for multiple client businesses.

TurboPac and TurboTrantor Hard Disk Systems!

THE most powerful Hard Disk systems available today! Combine the power of Drive C and a Trantor
Hard Disk separately or in a single TurboTrantor enclosure. Simultaneous RAM-disk, Print Buffer, Super-
Size SuperCalc2 and the INCREDIBLE speed of Cache-Buffered Hard Disk.

The Web MultiUser Network!

Up to 4 users, 3 printers, electronic mail. Now with up to 1 MegaByte of hi-spced Cache for the most
cost-effective, hi-performance CP/M Network ever.

West Wind's integrated family of products is designed to grow with your needs. West Wind Products include
all necessary hardware, easy-to-read complete documentation and powerful, user-friendly software

Yes! □ Send me the new, FREE WestWind Fall Catalog.

My computer is a

Yes! □ I want my very own CP/M LIVES! T-Shirt!

Size S M L XL (Circle one)

Name

Address ; .

City.

State_

. Zip.

Enclose $9.95 plus $2.00 Shipping and Handling for each
T-shirt. CA residents add 6.5% Sales Tax.

Payment: D Check D Visa LJ MasterCard

Card No Exp. Date /

WestWind Computer 1690 65th St., Emeryville, CA 94608

To learn more about our NEXT GENERATION products and to get all the details
' of our great DOUBLEUP Sale including complete CP/M and PC-DOS compatible
| systems, Call or Write NOW for our New FREE Fall Catalog.

I Save! Get your CP/M LIVES! T-shirt FREE with any order over $100! OR, order
■ your T-Shirt now for only $9.95 and we'll give you FULL CREDIT on any future
' purchase of $100 or more.

WestWind

COMPUTER
1690 65th Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, (415) 652-3222
Telex: 756329 (DRIVE C UD), WU EASYLINK 62533500

Trademarks: WestWind Computer^BackPac, DriveC, Trantor, TurboPac, TurboTrantor,
Web/Digital Research- CP/M/Computer Associates Sorcim/lUS-SuperCalcz/OCC-
Osborne/Kaypro Corp.-KayPro/Morrow-Mortow/TeleVideo-TeleVideo/Xerox Corp.
-Xerox/International Business Machines Corp^IBM, PC-DOS/MicroSoft - MS-DOS

For Information or To Order
CALL TOLL-FREE
US 800-526-6500
CA 800-831-3144

For Technical Support:
CALL 415-652-3222

PROF

Forecasting. 38

Key Definition 48

Cover illustration by David Darrow

S Volume 3, Number 5

December 1985
The Magazine for Kaypro Users

DEPARTMENTS MHBHH9MP^

About PROFILES 4

Letters

Q&A 8

Product Spotlight 68

Technical Forum 74

Advertisers' Index 78

FEATURES

The Z-System 24

by Ted Silveira

Part 1 : A powerful booster for CP/M computers

Stocking Stuffers 34

by Brock Meeks
Last-minute holiday ideas

Simple Business Forecasting 38

by Jacob Be Rooy

Predicting the future with Perfect Calc

Key Definition Programs 48

by Glenn Grant

Review of the most popular offerings

RCPMs: Settling the Frontier 55

by Christopher M. DeBracy

An overview of RBBS software and more

columns WK^SSSSKSSSSSk

Flea Market 12

by Ted Silveira

Lifeat 300 Baud \~J

by Brock Meeks

Beginner's Luck 3

by Tyler Sperry

Books in Brief 74

by Dick Lutz

December 3

Attention Modem Buyers!!

We Guarantee

Lowest Price

Around!!

SIGNALMAN "EXPRESS"

This modem is an EXACT to the Hayes 1 200. PLUS ... has
storage ability of 10 number of 48 digits. Anchor Automations
"top-of-the-line" ... for those who will only have a Hayes!

NOW ONLY: $239.95

• • •

VOLKSMODEM 1200
BAUD

■ 300-1200 baud smartmodem

■ Hayes compatible

■ Auto-dial/auto-answer

■ 5 year warranty

NOW ONLY: $179.95

SIGNALMAN MARK 10

This 300 baud smart-
modem is Hayes compatible
and comes with RS-232
cable, 9v power supply and
phone cable.

NEW PR>CE: $99.95

SIGNALMAN MARK 7

A 300 baud auto-dial;
auto-answer modem which
comes with RS-232 cable,
RJ-1 1 cable and power supply.
DISCOUNTED: $79.95

VOLKSMODEM CABLE

Needed for Volksmodem

1200 and 300. Available for

most computers . . . price

may vary with computer type.

MOST ONLY: $9.95

VOLKSMODEM 300

Now at its lowest price
ever this 300 baud answer'
originate modem only needs
a cable and battery and it's
ready to communicate!
LOWEST PRICE: $55.95

CASE R1224

(2400 baud now in
stock!!)

This top-of-the-line

modem meets the new 2400
baud CCITT V.22 standard
and is Asychornous/sychro-
nous 2400/1200/300 bps. We
have these in stock ready to
deliver upon request!!!

2400 BAUD TO

DELIVER TODAY:

$599.95

WESTRIDGE 64/20

This 300 baud auto-dial'
auto-answer modem is de-
signed for Commodore 64
computers. It comes com-
plete with software on disk
and phone cable.

NOW ONLY: $59.95

• • •

DATASOLVERS KAYPRO
INTERNAL MODEMS

DS1200SMT

300-1200 Hayes compatible, internal for Kaypro.

JUST $299.95

DS300SMT

300 band Hayes type internal for Kaypros.

NOW ONLY: $169.95

e
CALL NOW TOLL FREE

1 -800-922-2329

IN. KANSAS: (316) 264-5068
TECHNICAL SUPPORT: (316) 264-5589

We Service
What We Sell!!!

VISA

We Will Match
Any Price!!!

— OMIMCOM —

1156 AMIDON • WICHITA, KS • 67203

TERMS: C.O.D. acceptable, add $1 .90. Personal checks require two weeks
for clearance. Visa and MasterCard accepted. All prices reflect 3% cash dis-
count. Add 3% for shipping and handling. Kansas residents add 3 D sales tax.
All orders returned or refused are subject to a 1 0% restocking fee Prices sub-
ject to change without notice.

About PROFILES:

PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Geoffrey W. Soule

CO-EDITORS

Diane Ingalls
Terian Tyre

TECHNICAL EDITOR

Tom Enright

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Ted Silveira

Dick Lutz
Brock Meeks

ART DIRECTOR

Doug Powell

ART ASSISTANT

Lorraine Leung

ASSISTANT PUBLISHER

Gwyn Price

CIRCULATION

Mary Boggy

CIRCULATION/EDITORIAL OFFICES

533 Stevens Avenue

Solana Beach, CA 92075

619/481-4353

ADVERTISING

Nancy Donabedian

249 S. Highway 101, Suite 321

Solana Beach, CA 92075

619/436-6112

PROFILES (ISSN 8775-464X) is published
ten times a year by Kaypro Corporation,
Solana Beach, California. Registered
owners of Kaypro computers, within the
United States, are entitled to a six-issue
introductory subscription. Subscriptions
within the United States are available for
$25.00 per year to people who are not
registered Kaypro computer owners and for
introductory subscription renewals.
Copyright © 1985 by Kaypro Corporation.
All rights reserved. Reproduction without
express written consent of the publisher is
strictly prohibited. Second Class postage
pending at Solana Beach, CA, and at addi-
tional mailing offices.

POSTMASTER: PLEASE SEND ALL
CHANGES OF ADDRESS (FORM 3579) TO
PROFILES, P.O. BOX 2889, DEL MAR,
CALIFORNIA 92014.

Subscriptions

General subscription information
can be found on page 58. If your
subscription is due to expire, we'll
notify you by mail. No subscription
will be cancelled until you are given
a chance to renew. Our basic one-
year rate is $25 (for ten issues).

If your first issue does not arrive
within eight weeks after you've
sent in your warranty card, or you
miss an issue, please write to: PRO-
FILES, Circulation Dept, RO. Box
2889, Del Mar, CA 92014. We'll
extend your subscription or send
the issue.

To direct PROFILES to a new
address, attach a recent mailing
label plus both your old and new
addresses. Allow six to eight weeks
for processing

If you have any other problem
with your subscription or billing,
please let us know at the above
(Circulation) address so we can
solve it promptly.

Disclaimer

Reviews, editorial references, and
advertisements should not be
taken as endorsements of any prod-
ucts not specifically manufactured
by Kaypro Corporation. Opinions
expressed are those of individuals
and do not represent any form of
corporate certification. Nor do they
reflect intensive technical analysis
as would be provided by a profes-
sional testing firm.

Responsibility for advertised
products lies with the advertisers.
Though we will not knowingly pub-
lish fraudulent materials, we are
not liable for any damages arising
from the purchase or use of any
products. Should there be any con-
sumer complaints regarding goods
or services purchased from our
advertisers, we would appreciate
written notification to that effect to
aid our own screening. □

4 Profiles

Professional software for your Kaypro
at low, low prices.

Proportional Spacing. For. WordStar 3.3 Only $22.95

A program that automatically installs your WordStar to print in proportional
spacing and right justified margin. This means such letters as "i" and "I" will
occupy much less space than letters like "m" and "w," and the space between
words will be evenly spread out. As a result, every document you print, every
letter you send out from your office will be dramatically improved in printout
appearance and look almost typeset! Moreover, you can continue to print in right
justification, boldface, shadow print, underscore, superscript, subscript, and
a combination of these features while in proportional spacing mode. Best results
are achieved when you use a PS printwheel, but fine even if you use the ordi-
nary non-PS 10, 12, or 15-pitch printwheels. No crowded characters, even on
one-word short lines. Comes with a disk and a manual plus a variety of print-
ing tricks. Requires Kaypro, Juki, Brother, Star Power Type or any other letter-
quality printers. Simply the best of its kind on the market at any price!

Extra Bonus for Juki 6100 printer: Our Proportional Spacing program will
also automatically install your Juki 6100 to print French cedilla (c) and German
umlaut (u), two foreign characters not on your keyboard. Now your Juki 6100
can print all the diacritical marks needed for French and German. Detailed in-

Mailing List. Only $15.95

Just load it and start data entry! extremely easy to use. Then print 1, 2, 3, or
4-across standard Avery labels. Specially set up for you DataStar and Mail-
Merge, so you will get all the sophisticated features of DataStar and MailMerge.
Add, delete, sort, and update your list anytime, Can sort any field. Number of
records limited only by your disk capacity. Many tricks and tips included in our
clearly written manual. Originally developed for a magazine subscription agency
to keep track of more than 100,000 subscribers. Why waste time creating your
own when you can use our fully tested and debugged program? Requires at least
DataStar and MailMerge to run.
For all Kaypro models and IBM compatible.

structions on how to print the other four special characters ( c § — i £) on Juki
printwheels are included in our manual.

Now, with more features added:

1. Allows you to install up to four different kinds of printwheels, including the
new Juki Standard PS and the 15-pitch Mini Majestic (sold below).

2. Can print your NEW WORD files in proportional spacing and right justi-
fied margin.

3. Detailed instructions on how to customize our program, if necessary, to
produce a printout that suits your own personal taste.

4. More printing tricks explained in plain English (not computerese) by our in-
tense printer specialist for you to take full advantages of your letter-quality
printers.

Note: The Kaypro Letter-quality printer that comes with your Kaypro 2X is the
same as the Juki 6100 in every aspect except color.

For Kaypro II, 2, 2X, 4, 10, 16, 286i, and all IBM compatibles.

Bibliography. Only $15.95

An electronic marvel for modern scholars and writers! Just call it up and start
building your own electronic bibliography database. Then print in MLA, Chica-
go, Trabian, or any other styles. Specially set up for your DataStar and Mail-
Merge, so you can add, delete, sort, and update your bibliographic items
anytime. Can sort any field. Number of records limited only by your disk ca-
pacity. Many tricks and tips discussed in our Manual. Used by the author in
his Ph.D. dissertation on medieval Chinese military institutions. Saves you hours
of frustration in creating your own. Requires at least DataStar and MailMerge
to run.
For all Kaypro models and IBM compatibles.

Roman PS

Standard PS

Courier 10

Prestige Elite 12

Mini Majestic 12/15

Letter Gothic 10/12

Genuine Juki 6100 printwheels (100 characters). Only $22.95 each.

The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Right Over The Lazy Dog. [\]""[|]~

The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Right Over The Lazy Dog. [Q]A°|1Ii

The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Right Over The Lazy Dog

The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Right Over The Lazy Dog. [\]~"[|}

The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Right Over The Lazy Dog. [S2]A°Hi 2

The Quick Brown Fox 'Jumps Right Over The Lazy Dog. [g]A°H

iff

Note: Only Courier 10, Prestige Elite 12, and Roman PS are in the Juki Sequence and only these three can produce diacritical marks for French and German
1 he rest are in the Special Sequence and capable of printing other substitute characters as shown above. We now carry a full line of 18 genuine Juki-brand printwheels'
You can order any Juki printwheel not listed here. Printwheel catalog will be sent free with any order.

Public Domain Disk. Only $9.95

Our software engineer has fully tested and assembled a disk full (191K) of the finest CP/M pro-
grams now in the public domain. Saves you time and money to collect these on your own In-
cludes KSTROKES (a SmartKey-like program), SCREEN DUMP, NEW SWEEP KMODEM
UNERASE, FINDBD54, SPOOLER, TYPER, SQ, UNSQ, SCROLL, LIST MAGE DIS-
PLAY, FIND, and QUICKEY With documentation. Absolutely a must.
For Kaypro CP/M models only.

Tractor Feed for Juki 6100. Only $139.00

Can't keep your continuous form paper properly aligned on your Juki 6100 or Kaypro Letter
Quality printer? No matter. All you need is a tractor unit. Installed in minutes. Easily removed
when not needed. Works like a charm in printing mailing lists and long manuscripts. Comes
with easy-to-understand installation instructions. FREE UPS shipping. No sales tax when
shipped out of New Jersey.

CHAUCER SOFTWARE

1004 Quail Ridge Drive
P. O. BOX 732
Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Telephone (609) 275-0789

CHAUCER SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 732, Plainsboro, NJ 08536

Dear Chaucer, please rush me the following in 24 hours:

Description

□ Proportional Spacing

□ Mailing List

□ Bibliography

□ Printwheel

Price

□ Public Domain Disk
G Juki 6100 tractor

Subtotal

NJ residents only, add 6% sales tax

First Class Postage

Foreign orders add $10 for Air Mail

MONEY BACK TOTAL

$2.00

GUARANTEE

□ Check Enclosed

Card #

Exp. Date

Address

City

□ VISA □ MasterCard

. Signature .

. State .

Kaypro Model

. Zip .
. Printer

ORDER WITH CONFIDENCE

December 5

E^BIAccounting

$ 64 95

Dae Easy Accounting is remarkable,
amazing, revolutionary, sensational...

Computer Buyer*s Guide
& Handbook, September 1985

PARTIAL LIST OF FEATURES
General Information

• Menu driven

• Password protection

• File capacity limited only by disk space

• Support contract available
General Ledger

• Unlimited multi-level accounts

• Three-year account history for CRT inquiry

• Pencil and pen feature to correct mistakes

• Unique budgeting routine

• CRT transaction inquiry

• Activity report, trial balance, financial statements,
unlimited departments and journals

Accounts Receivable

• Open invoice or balance forward

• Customized aging report

• Unlimited number of customers

• Flexible mailing labels arid directories

• Supports partial payments & finance charges

• Three-year customer history for number of invoices, sales,
costs, and profits

• Customized statements

• Cash flow analysis /sales analysis

• Automatic sales forecasting
Accounts Payable

• Check printing with multiple invoices and cash available
routines

• Aging reports with seven customized columns

• Unlimited number of vendors

• Flexible mailing labels and directories

• Three-year vendor history

• Unlimited allocations per invoice
Inventory

• Supports average, last purchase, and standard costing
methods

• Powerful physical inventory routines

• Accepts any unit of measure

• Three-year product history in units, dollars, cost, and
profits

• Automatic forecast of product sales

• Automatic pricing assignments

• Alert and activity reports with 11 sorts

• CRT shows on-hand/on-order/committed/sales/cost/
profit/turns /GRO I

Purchase Order

• Inventory and non-inventory items

• Allows up to 99 lines per P.O.

• Per line discount in %

• P.O. accepts generic discounts/freight/taxes/insurance

• P.O. accepts back orders and returns

• Purchase journal
Billing

• Service or inventory invoicing on plain or preprinted
forms with remarks

• Prints sales journal

• Allows return credit memo
Forecasting

Unique program that automatically forecasts using your
three-year history:

• Revenue and expense accounts

• Vendor purchases

• Customer sales, cost, and profit

• Inventory item usage

• Forecast by same as last year, or % base from last year, or
trend, or least square trend line analysis method

Minimum Hardware Requirements:

IBM PC, XT, AT, KAYPRO 16, 286i-B, C, or

other compatible, 132 column printer in compressed

mode, MS-DOS, PC-DOS.

Send in this coupon with your credit card number,
money order or check for $64.95 plus $2.50 for
postage and handling.
□CHECK DMONEY ORDER
□VISA OMASTERCARD Expires

Account No.

Name

Company Name

Address

City

Phone

-State .

-Zip.

Signature

Letters

High Technology, Inc.

9312 W. 92nd Ave.

Westminster, CO 80020

(303) 431-7596

Correction

In the June 1985 "Technical
Forum," reference was made to a
program called COMLINE.COM,
which allows the insertion of a
command line on the boot track of a
CP/M diskette. A reader wrote to
ask where this program could be
found and was told that the pro-
gram COMMAND.COM could be
found on the ONKUG RBBS.

The program is COMLINE.COM,
not COMMAND.COM and it can be
found on the ONKUG RBBS. Call
(619) 259-4437 (300/1200 baud).

A point of clarification

Many thanks to Steve Jones for his
mention of the Turbo User Group in
his article "Programming: From
BASIC to Turbocharged" (October
1985). The article is an excellent
one.

I would, however, like to clear up
one point: Our annual membership
dues are not $30 as stated in the
article, but $22 for everyone in
North America ($23.72 for Wash-
ington state members). Dues out-
side these areas (where higher air
postage is necessary) are now $35 a
year.

Thanks for your interest in pro-
moting Turbo Pascal as a logical
and appropriate follow-on to BASIC.
That people are following that route
is evidenced by the growing num-
ber of TUG applications we process
every day, and personally, I'm
enjoying my nearly pasta-free pro-
gramming diet!

Don Taylor

TUG Business manager

Poulsbo, Washington

Sorting through the sorts

I was pleased to read T.E Chiang's
article on sorting methods ("As-
sorted Sorts," October 1985). The
article addresses the many an-
swers to the complex question of

"Which sorting algorithm do I
use?" Chiang's article covers three
sorting methods— the bubble sort,
Quicksort, and the Shell sort, but
completely fails to mention one
successful sorting algorithm,
Heapsort, a method that proves to
be extremely effective on large
amounts of data.

The performance of any algo-
rithm is described in terms of its
speed in the average case of input
data, the worst case, and space
usage during execution. Average or
worst case refers to the initial order-
ing of input data. Space usage
refers to the amount of extra stor-
age needed during execution (tem-
porary variables, files, function
calls).

Heapsort is an n*log(n) algo-
rithm in the average and worst
cases (for details I refer the reader to
Donald Knuth's Sorting and
Searching and to Sara Baase's
Computer Algorithms: Introduc-
tion toDesignandAnalysis), is not
recursive, and is an "in place" sort
like the bubble sort, meaning that it
uses no extra space, other than
storage for the input data. In the
average case, Heapsort will surpass
the bubble sort and Shell sort, but
never the Quicksort.

I therefore agree with Chiang
that Quicksort is the best for the
average sort algorithm customer.
Heapsort will come close to Quick-
sort's performance on average, but
will be superior for the worst pos-
sible case.

Jack Callahan
College Park, Maryland

Mr. Chiang did briefly mention
Heapsort in his article— see page
36. He noted that its average
speed is slower than Quicksort's
but that its worst-case speed is
better, so it is sometimes used

6 Profiles

commercially.

It should be pointed out that
this article was intended to intro-
duce the concept of data sorting to
hobbyist users. In following those
guidelines the algorithms were
selected and illustrated in a man-
ner that was most likely to be
understood by the widest seg-
ment of readers.

I would like to comment on the
contents of 'Assorted Sorts," par-
ticularly listing 1 for the bubble sort
program. A program line is miss-
ing. A new line— "length = length
-1"— should be inserted before the
line "next index." As the bubble
sort locates during each pass the
highest element at the top of the
sorted sequence— i.e., at its final
location— the next pass need no
longer concern itself with this ele-
ment. The missing line causes each
pass to stop before this element is
reached. With this added line in
place, the sorting times for the bub-
ble sort shown in Table 1 would
have been greatly reduced.

It was really refreshing to see in
this issue, after an unduly long
pause, an article referring to S-
BASIC. As there must be many
Kaypro users around who had
received S-BASIC and the Perfect
Software series with their comput-
ers (I am one of them), it is certainly
a great disappointment that PRO-
FILES seems to treat them as step-
children and, in most issues,
completely ignores them.

There still exists a lot of informa-
tion on both sets of programs that is
poorly or not at all documented,
and these users, even though they
are "oldtimers" by now, can use
more help than PROFILES offers.
For instance, how about a patch to
Perfect Filer that permits entering
(continued on page 11)

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December 7

Q&A

by Tom Enright

We welcome and read all your
letters. Letters of general interest
are printed in the Letters column.
Pleas for technical help are dealt
with here if they lend themselves
to short answers, or in Technical
Forum when the question is more
involved.

Due to the volume of letters, we
simply can't respond to all re-
quests for assistance. Problems
requiring an immediate reply
should be taken to your dealer.
Kaypro Technical Support can be
contacted at (619) 481-3920, or
write them atP.O. BoxN, DelMar,
CA, 92014. Please include a day-
time phone number.

Modem puzzle

Over the past two weeks I have been
trying to figure out how to estab-
lish communications between the
University of Hawaii IBM 308 ID
mainframe and my Kaypro 4 '84. I
had been using SuprTerm. Things
went all right as long as I was only
operating as a terminal. But I was
unable to download or upload files
because the mainframe does not
support the Christensen protocol.
The folks at the university rec-
ommended that I use Kermit. Try-
ing this, I find that I can't even get
the modem to dial. Is there any way
to dial the internal modem from
Kermit, or do I need to upgrade to
something like Mite?

Bruce Tolentino
Honolulu, Hawaii

Unfortunately, Kermit doesn't
support dialing with any modem.
Neither have I been able to find a
copy of Kermit that will use the
internal Kaypro modem.

Your cheapest solution is to
buy an external modem to use
with Kermit. You should be able

to find a manual-dial modem for
around $50, or possibly even less.
Check with discount houses or
any computer clubs in your area. I
suggest a manual-dial modem
because I know that students are
always on a rather tight budget.
Buying a copy of Mite probably
wouldn't relieve your protocol
problems. You didn't mention
what other file transfer protocols
the mainframe supports, so I
can't say whether Mite would
solve your problem or not. Either
way, buying an inexpensive
external modem will be your
cheapest alternative.

Disk accessing trouble

In the June 1985 "Technical Fo-
rum" you told a guy that disabling
the internal fan on his 4'84 could
damage the drives. I have a 2 '84
and have been having problems
accessing the drives, especially
drive B. Sometimes it gives me a
BDOS ERROR ON B: BAD SECTOR
even though the disk is good. Other
times the B drive will just sit there
making a clicking noise.

I have installed a Datasolvers
internal modem. Since one of the
main differences between a 2 and a
4 is the elimination of a cooling fan
on the 2, 1 wonder if I need to install
a cooling fan.

My dealer is unable to duplicate
the problem when I take the ma-
chine into his shop. He says I may
be getting voltage drops in my
home power supply. The power
company says no. The dealer also
keeps his shop cooled to about 65
degrees, while I can only get my
home down to around 80 degrees. I
showed your letter to the dealer, but
he said you don't know what you
are talking about.

John F. Moore
Houston, Texas

Your dealer is just about as polite
as he is helpful. If he insists on
keeping his shop that cold he will
never be able to diagnose any
kind of heat-related problem.

The most telling clue to your
problem is that the dealer could
not duplicate the symptom in his
shop. This rules out a dirty or
misaligned drive. It leaves you
with two possibilities: power
surges in your home wiring, or too
much heat.

The easiest thing to check is the
heat problem. Remove the chas-
sis hood and set up a fan, such as
a common oscillating room fan, so
that it blows air on the main-
board. If, after a couple of hours of
use, the problem fails to recur,
you've located the problem.

If the problem still occurs, or
occurs after a longer period of
time than before, you may have
heat damage to some component
on your mainboard. (The disk
controller chip is a prime candi-
date.) I would suggest having
another dealer check out this
possibility.

Dirty electrical power would
show up as more than just a prob-
lem with one drive. You would get
symptoms like bad data being
written to both of your disks or the
BAD SECTOR message appearing
randomly on either drive. A
power conditioner wouldn 't abso-
lutely be called for unless these
conditions are present or you
notice lights flickering. The only
other reason to buy one would be
for your own peace of mind, al-
though that may be sufficient
reason in itself.

Flaky drive

I love my Kaypro II. It has become
my most valuable tool as a writer. I
do have one major complaint: As
soon as the warranty ran out, drive

8 Profiles

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Q&A:

A quit working. It cost about $100
to have it realigned. Now, six
months later, I'm having trouble
again. The drive light goes off, and I
lose what I'm working on.

The technician at my local
Kaypro store says that disk drives
that get a lot of use will last only
about a year before they have to be
replaced, and he suggested that I

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Make & Model of Printer

Name

Address

City

State Zip

Version 2.03 is described above. Owners of earlier
versions can upgrade for an unbelievably low $12.00 and
their old master diskette number. Sorry, we don't handle
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sales tax.

MAIL TO:

FRESHWARE

522 Glenpark Dr., Dept. PF85
Nashville, Tennessee 37217

Trademarks: DaleMale, Freshware: CP/M. Digital Research: Kavpro. Kaypro Corp.

Thank You Very Much

have my drive replaced, rather than
realigned, at a cost of $250. It
seems totally unacceptable to me
to pay $250 a year to have the drive
replaced. I can buy a 3K memory
typewriter for about half that
amount. Is his information cor-
rect? And is there anything I can do
to make the disk drives last longer?
If it's true that I can expect a
minimum $250 a year bill to re-
place the disk drive, Id just as soon
go to another system. My friends
with other brands of computers
haven't had problems with their
drives. So what's the story?

Beckey Gillette
Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Drives should last at least five
years— and usually longer—
before normal wear and tear dic-
tate replacement. How long a
drive lasts before it must be re-
aligned varies with the make and
model of drive.

Kaypro '83 series computers
used Tandon full-height drives. It
isn ' t unheard of for these drives to
require alignment about once a
year— but not every six months. If
it's the same drive acting up as
the first time, I would recommend
replacing that drive. Also note
that you don't have to replace the
drive with one of the same make
and model. Other single-sided,
double-density drives can give a
longer service life, but at a higher
price, than Tandon drives.

You might also want to get
quotesfrom differentrepair shops
on how much they charge to align
drives. A $100 charge is too high
for drive alignment. D

Send letters for "Q&A" to:
PROFILES Magazine
Attn: Q&A
533 Stevens Avenue
Solana Beach, CA 92075

10 Profiles

letters;

(continued from page 7)

the new "ZIP + 4" ZIP codes the
Postal Service requires on many
mailings?

Ulrich R. Furst
Sherman Oaks, California

Ted Chiang replies: "The version
of the bubble sort you describe
does require significantly fewer
comparisons, but the number of
exchanges remains the same.
The basic algorithm will always
require a large number of ex-
changes, making any version of
the bubble sort still one of the
slowest sorting methods cur-
rently available."

Has Quality Assurance heard
about this test?

This is just a brief note to express
our appreciation for manufac-
turing such a durable computer.

Eastmount Engineering is a
small air pollution consulting firm.
The majority of our work is done on
the road and in less than desirable
working climates for computers-
extreme heat, humidity and dust.
We own three Kaypros— two 2Xs
and one 10.

When testing in the sugar cane
fields we operate out of a 32-foot
motor home. At the end of one job
when we were packing to leave, a
Kaypro 2X was left outside under
the wheel. When we left, we heard a
noise and looked out to see that the
wheel had run over the edge of the
computer. For sure we thought the
computer was dead. When we
returned to New England we
plugged it in, and to our surprise, it
worked. We had our dealer check it
out for damage, and it was okay
except for the bruised paint job on
the metal case.

Keep up the good work, Kaypro.

Charles H. Audette
Walpole, Massachusetts

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December 11

by Ted Silveira

Flea Market

What? More WordStar?

People who use key definition
programs (XtraKey, Smart-
Key, et al) often develop a
fervor about them. So I wasn't sur-
prised that when I wrote two col-
umns about using these programs
with WordStar (May and June,
1985), I started getting letters say-
ing, "I enjoyed your article, but let
me show you this neat trick ..."
I've collected a number of these
tricks, so I thought I'd pass them
along to you.

Move to beginning of
sentence or paragraph

Sandy Lan desman (Flushing, NY),
Mel Halbert (Oak Ridge, TN), and
Marcus Bullock (St. Louis, MO) all
suggested the same modification to
my key definitions for moving to the
beginning of a sentence or para-
graph. As I gave the commands,
they correctly move you to the
beginning of the current sentence
or paragraph. Once there, however,
if you hit them again, you stay in
the same place instead of moving to
the beginning of the previous sen-
tence or paragraph.

Landesman, Halbert, and Bul-
lock all pointed out that adding a AA.
to the beginning of the command
will remove this problem, allowing
you to jump backward one sen-
tence or paragraph at a time. For
moving to the beginning of a sen-
tence, the command should be

12 Profiles

AAAgF <SP> <SP> <CR>b-
<CR> A F. And for moving to the
beginning of a paragraph, the com-
mand should be aaaqf<SP>-
<SP> <SP> <SP><SP>-
<CR>b<CR> A F. This command
depends on your using a five-space
indent to begin paragraphs. If you
use a different format, you'll have to
modify the command.

Move to the end of a
sentence or paragraph

The same three readers pointed out
that you can make a similar im-
provement to the commands for
moving to the end of a sentence or
paragraph, just by adding A F to the
beginning of the command strings
I gave.

Move to the next sentence
or paragraph

At the same time, I decided that it
was more helpful to move to the
beginning of the next sentence or
paragraph than to the end of the
current one. So I now use these
command strings, incorporating
Landesman, Halbert, and Bullock's
suggestion. To move to the begin-
ning of the next sentence: A FAgF-
<SP><SPXESC>AF. And to
move to the beginning of the next
paragraph: afaqf<SP><SP>-
< SP X SP X SP X ESC >AF.

Again, this last command de-
pends on your using a five-space
indent at the beginning of each par-
agraph. Also, both commands are
set for WordStar 3.3, so WordStar
3.0 owners will have to adjust
them, as I mentioned in the original
columns.

Delete word left

Gerry Litton (Berkeley, CA) sug-
gested a useful addition to this
command that I now use. Instead of
AAAT, the command is now < SP >-
AAAT.

By adding this space to the
beginning of the command, you
avoid deleting any characters
immediately to the right of your
cursor. When I'm editing, I usually
just stick the cursor where I want to
make changes and start typing, let-
ting WordStar push existing words
to the right. In that situation, when
I hit "delete word left," I found I
sometimes also lost the word to the
right (since if the two words were
touching, WordStar treated them
as one). Litton's simple change
takes care of that problem.

Underline word

Someone else, whose name I've
unfortunately lost, sent in a com-
mand to underline the word your
cursor is currently in. The com-
mand is AAAPSAFASAPS.

This command doesn't work for
the last word in a sentence and also
will underline any punctuation
attached to the word, but it saves
time if you have to go back through
your text and mark any words for
underlining.

Transpose letters

I took this one on as a challenge. If
you place your cursor on a char-
acter, this command will transpose
it and the following character:
ARBADAKKADAKVAKH.

You can work out a similar com-
mand for transposing words,

though both commands are prob-
ably too slow to be useful for most
people.

Scratchpad

Marcus Bullock has also suggested
a method to create a WordStar
"scratchpad" in the middle of any
document and then erase it so that
you can experiment with various
sentences without messing up
your text. To create the scratchpad,
you can use the command
***<CRxCRxCR><CR>-
<CR> <CR>****AEAEAE.

This command inserts five
blank lines, marks the beginning
with * * * and the end with * * * *,
and moves you to the middle of the
blank space.

You can then doodle to your
hearts content until you come up
with a sentence or paragraph that
pleases you. Move your finished
gem into place in your text, and
then return to the scratchpad and
delete it with a key assigned to this
command:

AgF * * * < CR > b < CR > AKBAQF-
* * * * < ESC >ADADADADAKKAKY.

Keyboard layouts

Several people sent in examples of
the keypad layouts they use for
storing these new commands. My
favorite is that sent in by Mel
Halbert, because it's so easy to
remember. Key 1 is "move to begin
sentence," key 2 is "mark sen-
tence," and key 3 is "move to next
sentence." Key 4 is "move to begin
paragraph," key 5 is "mark para-
graph," and key 6 is "move to next
paragraph." Key 7 is "move back
one page," key 8 is "mark page"
(actually, mark 55 lines), and key 9
is "move forward one page."

This layout makes a convenient
3x3 grid. The top row is all page
commands, the middle row is all
paragraph commands, and the bot-
tom row is all sentence commands.
The first column is always a "move
back" command, the middle col-
umn always a "mark" command,
and the last column a "move next"
command. Very neat.

Halbert assigns the leftover keys
as follows: key is "delete word
left," the period key is "mark to end

NOW YOU CAN GET YOUR MESSAGE
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Many New Features Added

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December 13

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PROFILES Magazine April 1985

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and forms 2106, 2210, 2441, 3468, & 4797
Prints on IRS forms

Automatically computes federal income tax using schedules
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Automatically computes state sales tax and income aver-
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■ Price includes toll free support services
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•Formerly TAXCALC84

FLEA MARKET

Kaypro makes a nice computer-
too bad it doesn't do graphics'

Make that didn't do graphics. SCS-Draw
is here, bringing Macintosh-style graphics
to the Kaypro computer.
With SCS-Draw, you can use
your Kaypro to draw a L

picture. Of anything.

The first true drawing program for the
Kaypro, SCS-Draw turns your computer
screen into a sketchpad on which you can
draw detailed images like those shown
here. These images can be saved on disk
or printed on a dot-matrix printer or
the Kaypro/Juki letter quality printer.

There are many applications of SCS-Draw.

For example, you could design and

print your

business

card or

company

logo.

SimonCSimon
Photography

SCS-Draw gives you a variety of useful
drawing tools to choose from. You can
draw a detailed image dot-by-dot, or do
a rough sketch with straight lines. Need
a compass? SCS-Draw can draw circles of
any size, wherever you need them.

More advanced features include block
moves, pattern filling, and the ability to
mix text and graphics.
And with SCS-Draw 's
windowing capability,
you can work on images
much larger than the
Kaypro's screen.

SCS-Draw is available now for the
following Kaypro computers: 1, 2X, New
2'84, V%<i and 10.

you can make your

You could also use SCS-Draw to print party
invitations, banners, or technical diagrams.

And the best thing about
SCS-Draw is that it's fun
to use — when
was the last
time you had
some fun with
your Kaypro?

#°"*

SCS-Draw- $59.95

Includes complete documentation and a disk of
sample images, including every image shown
above. Most printers supported - call for list.

SECOND CITY SOFTWARE

Box 267960, Chicago,! L 60626. 312-577-7680 Dealer Inquiries Invited.

Kaypro is a registered trademark of Kaypro Corporation. Macintosh is a trademark licensed to Apple Computer.

sentence," the enter key is "save
and resume," the comma key is
"reformat paragraph," and the
minus key is "print screen."

The arrow keys

William Rhodes (Phoenix, AZ) sug-
gested assigning the Kaypro's
arrow keys to the AQE, AQX, aqs,
and A QD commands. Since I never
use the arrow keys for cursor move-
ment (preferring WordStar's cursor
diamond, which keeps my hands
on the keyboard), I like these arrow
key assignments, and they fit very
well with Halberts keypad layout.
Some of you may find a conflict
here, if your WordStar tries to
redefine your arrow keys to ae, ax,
AS, and ad on its own. I'm not sure
that you will, because I don't have
that problem (I use an older Word-
Star)— nor does Rhodes, appar-
ently. But some of you may. If so, the
more adventurous of you can check
the WordStar code at MORPAT (see
"WordStar Deluxe," PROFILES,
July/ August 1985) to see if you can
modify it.

Rhodes also passed along
another tip. When you go back to
edit a long file, it can be very annoy-
ing to have WordStar pause every
two pages to read in a new batch of
text from the disk. You can force
WordStar to fill up its text buffer by
executing the command aqraqp
or AQCAgp (depending on which
direction you're moving). WordStar
will pause while it reads the disk,
but when it's finished, you'll have
about 10 double-spaced pages of
text in the buffer (just over 13,000
characters), which you can edit
without having WordStar go to the
disk again.

The sorting bins

I've saved the best for last. In an
earlier column, I mentioned Dick
Ezzard's article "Shades of Word-
Star," to be found on the Kay* Fog
bulletin board (415/285-2687).
Now Dick, the WordStar Wizard,
has done it again, by cooking up a
way to create "sorting bins" in
WordStar.

Often, after I've been brain-

14 Profiles

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storming or making notes on some
new topic, I need to go through and
sort these fragments, grouping
them into piles that have similar
themes. Now, thanks to Dick, I can.
The first step is to set up my "bins,"
either manually or with a special
key that gives the command A QR-
AKKCR> AK2 <CR> AK3<CR>
AK4 < CR > AK5 < CR > .

This command just sets up five
markers at the start of my text.

Next I go through my text, mark-
ing interesting notes and frag-
ments one at a time, using a "mark
paragraph" or "mark sentence"
command. Then comes the good
part. Once I've marked a block, I
send it off to one of the markers I've
previously set by using one of the
following five keys:

AQ1ARVAQVAKH

AQ2AKVAQVAKH

AQ3AKVAQVAKH

AQ4AKVAQVAKH

AQ5AKVAQVAKH
Each key does the same thing. It
jumps to a particular marker,
transfers the marked block there,
jumps back to where the block
came from, and unmarks the block.
Using these commands, I can
sort my notes into five (or more, or
less, depending on how I set it. up)
groups. I can even go back and re-
sort those sub-groups if I want.
When your thinking is as disor-
ganized as mine is, this trick is a
big help. Thanks again, Dick.

More keys, anyone?

I think we've about done WordStar
to death by now. However, if you use
your key definition programs with
other software— dBASE, CalcStar,
SuperCalc, InfoStar— and you have
a great set of tricks worked out,
write and tell me about them. If I
get enough good stuff on any one
program, I'll put it all in a column,
giving everyone due credit for their
contributions. (Of course, if you've
got some absolutely stunning
WordStar key definitions that no
one else knows about, send those
along too.) O

16 Profiles

by Brock N. Meeks

Pop quiz time. You need infor-
mation on the governments
alternative fuels research
program. To obtain this informa-
tion you:

A. Use a $200-per-hour online
database.

B. Use a $75-per-hour commer-
cial information utility.

C. Wait until the phone rates
drop and access a free government
database.

If you chose C, you are in the
minority. Every day people pay
hundreds of dollars for information
they can get for the price of a mere
phone call.

Most people searching for infor-
mation are drawn by slick advertis-
ing to expensive databases. With
the proliferation of online data-
bases (more than 3,000 are now
available), the search for informa-
tion quickly became a buyer-
beware market.

Matthew Lesko (the Ralph Nader
of online databases), author of
books such as Information U.S.A.
and The Computer Data and Data
Base Source Book, says: "Data-
base users should be discriminate
consumers. Don't take the first
database that seems to fit your
need. Would you buy the first car
you see? You will find alternatives
to most any database."

'Tis the season

In the spirit of the season let me

Life at 300 Baud

Information that's free for the asking

offer you a gift pack of free online
systems. Some of these systems
can be accessed directly, although
you may have to contact someone
at the address I provide to receive
the database's online phone num-
ber and a password. Other systems
will, at your request, do a free
online search and then send you
the printout.

Dial-an-expert

The National Referral Center (NRS)
maintained by the Library of Con-
gress could be the most valuable
entry in this column (you have my
permission to cut out this section
and tape it to your computer).

The NRS maintains a database
that contains the names of 12,000
organizations and experts in the
areas of science, technology and
social sciences, and each of them
has stated a willingness to provide
free information to the public.

Each entry lists the name of the
resource, telephone number,
address, areas of interest, publica-
tions, and special services. Organi-
zations can be located by name or
by subject.

This system cannot be accessed
directly, but searches and print-
outs are available on request. Write
to the National Referral Center,
Library of Congress, Washington,
DC 20540, or phone (202) 287-
5670.

Blue chip BBS

Board name: Individual Investor
Location: Chicago, IL
Phone: (312) 280-8764
Hours of operation: 24/day

Log-on: open access
Baud rate: 300/1200
The world of investments is one
step below machine language pro-
gramming in my ranking of com-
plex subjects (preceded only by
nuclear disarmament and child
rearing). If you consider yourself an
"individual investor," you will want
to fire up that modem and log on
before the long-distance rates go
up— or the stockmarket drops.

This BBS, run by the American
Association of Individual Inves-
tors, is great for hammering out
investment strategies.

Log on here and you will find
computer-related investment tech-
niques and investment strategies.
Public domain spreadsheet tem-
plates are also popular on this
board.

One more time

Board name: RecycleNet
Location: New Jersey
Phone: (609) 641-9418
Hours of operation: 24/day
Log-on: password issued
Baud rate: 300/1200
RecycleNet is a one-of-a-kind
board: It is the only BBS in the
nation that deals with the topics of
waste management and recycling.

There are many files regarding
legislation and toxic waste prob-
lems. In addition, discussions cover
a broad range of social and environ-
mental issues.

This board is also one of four that
will form the beginning of an am-
bitious project called the New
Jersey Environmental Action
Referral Service. This network of

December 17

Forecasting and Statistical
Analysis for Professionals

^Ccttlr 3C the proven statistical analysis package

StatPac is convenient. Comprehensive. Inexpensive. Tested in the field for
more than five years, StatPac has been updated, debugged and enhanced.
So it's well established and easy to use. StatPac is the answer for researchers,
statisticians, scientists, and educators.

NEW CP/M VERSION AVAILABLE

FOlTCCSSt IflttS for the non-statistician

A combination of data management, exploratory graphics, and over a dozen
forecasting techniques, make Forecast Plus the most powerful time-series
package available. It works fast, accurately and automatically. If you can
read a picture, you can use Forecast Plus!

Call Now for Free Comprehensive Brochures

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(612)866-9022 1-800-328-4907

Cubbyhole

Single - Entry Bookkeeping System

$79.95

Payables & Receivables Modules
$19.95 each!

Cubbyhole is a perfect choice for home, sma
business or non - profit organizations.

"CHECK" THIS OUT:

* Unlimited number of named Income & Expense Accounts

^ Create Accounts while performing any function

^ Up to 26 Checkbooks and 26 separate Funds

s Budgets by Month or Year with or without Balance - Forward

s Complete Reports - Check Register, Profit & Loss, Income,

Expense, Budget, on Printer or Screen
v Payables & Receivables interact directly with Cubbyhole files

Powerful, versatile, easy to use, ... and AFFORDABLE!!

• Requires CP/M 2.2 or MS-DOS 2.0 or higher with 1 92Kand one drive with at least 1 90K.

Be sure to include $2.00 shipping and

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ND residents add 4 % sales tax

Visa and Mastercard accepted

SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:

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WITH THE LATEST IN COMPUTER
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inc.

BBSs will share both resources and
information— a big step toward
keeping information cost-free.

Twinkle, twinkle, little
Commsat

Board Name: Satellite-Cable TV
Network

Location: Illinois
Phone:(618)451-1041
Hours of operation: 24/day
Log-on: open access
Baud rate: 300/1200
This board will satisfy that satellite
buff in the family. The files on this
BBS include profiles on Satcom,
Westar, Comstar and Galaxy satel-
lites. Ham radio operators will love
this board because they can grab
the orbit positions for all general-
service satellites (handy when
bouncing messages around the
globe).

The board also carries listings of
the various services available on
the commercial satellites, such as
booking dates and costs.

Sound useless? Not really. With
the increased demand for telecom-
munications satellite time and
healthy competitive pricing among
commercial satellite systems for
activities such as international
teleconferencing, interactive video-
conferencing, sports broadcasting,
and news reporting, this listing
becomes a desirable service.

Cryptically speaking

Board name: IACR
Location: Virginia
Phone: (703) 237-4322
Hours of operation: 6:30 p.m.
to 7:00 a.m. (EST) weekdays and
24/day weekends.
Log-on: password issued
Baud rate: 300/1200
This board is run by the Interna-
tional Association for Cryptologic
Research. Anyone interested in
cryptology (the study of the meth-
ods and procedures for translating
and interpreting codes and ci-
phers) will find many useful files
available for downloading. Items
listed include upcoming con-
ferences and seminars and ab-

18 Profiles

stracts of relevant research.

Online discussions pertain to
such issues as the use of encoded
messages to insure the privacy of
electronic communications.

No decoder ring necessary to
read text files.

Psychological BBS

Board name: American Psycholog-
ical Information Exchange
Location: New York
Phone: (212)662-7171
Hours: 24/day
Log-on: open access
Baud rate: 300/1200
This board functions as an elec-
tronic mental health clinic (al-
though it stops short of online
counseling). A library of text files
(like electronic pamphlets), pro-
vides practical information on vari-
ous areas of mental health, such as
how to choose a therapist and how
to cope with depression during
holidays.

You can interact with psychol-
ogists doing research work in
everything from substance abuse
to thanatology (the study of death).

Climate database

The reality of the African famine
emphasizes the need to under-
stand how such disasters happen.
One way to better understand how
famine occurs is to study the effect
of climate on this spaceship called
Earth.

The National Meteorological
Center offers free hookup to the
Climate Assessment database,
which provides information on cli-
mate conditions throughout the
world.

Included in the database are files
dealing with temperature,
precipitation, weather indexes,
heating and cooling days, energy
conditions and an assessment of
the effect of climate on crops. This
database is updated regularly from
8,000 stations around the world.

To gain access to the online
database, write to the National
Meteorological Center W353,
WBBB, Room 20 1 , Washington, DC

CASH IN!

Only Quick Register by Chuck Atkinson Programs can turn your

computer into a Super Smart Cash Register that can record the

sale, print the invoice, and adjust the inventory — instantly and

Much, Much More - All for less than ... £ 1 Q Q £ f

KAYPRO I
Computer
$995.00

40-CoIumn

Receipt

Printer

$199.95*

*80 column printer

required for

reports

Chuck Atkinson's
QUICK CHECK
with accounts/;
payable V^

$95.00 Xj

Chuck Atkinson's *
QUICK REGISTER
$395.00

DEALERS! Call About Our New Money-Making Dealer Program! (817) 249-0166

CHUCK ATKINSON PROGRAMS

Lake Benbrook Drive

Fort Worth, TX 76126-9990

PropStar Gives You What WordStar Leaves Out

(Type-set Quality Proportional-Spaced Printing)

PropStar™ gives type-set quality true proportional spaced
printing from ordinary NewWord and WordStar document files.
Prints on most daisy-wheel printers with p.s. type-wheels, in-
cluding Diablo, Qume, NEC, Brother, C.Itoh, Juki, Silver-Reed.

PropStar is a stand-alone program, not a patch to Wordstar,
and gives higher quality printouts than WordStar. PropStar fol-
lows the rules for typesetting, maintaining correct spacing be-
tween letters, never crowding text in short lines or lines with
many capital letters. PropStar increases spacing between letters
when in "bold" text to avoid run-together letters. PropStar
doesn't move text from one line to another, you get what vou see
on your Wordstar or NewWord screen.

PropStar supports most WordStar & NewWord print features.
New version 2 adds automatic page breaks, continuous un derline,
symbol overstrikes (¥) and many features not in version 1.

CP/M-80 version available on 8" and more than 40 5" formats
including Kaypro and Morrow. MS-DOS version comes on 3" & 5" PC
media. Only $ 79.95 plus tax & postage, Visa & M/C accepted, or
send check with order and we pay postage. PropStar is shipped
pre-mstalled so be sure to specify computer and printer models.

CIVIL

COMPUTING

CORPORATION

2111 RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE I
LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA 94550

(415) 455-

December 19

FINANCIAL FILER CHECK/LEDGER $69.95 Track expenses for budgets and taxes
and balance your checkbooks. Menu driven, fast, powerful, and a pleasure to use.

— U p to 99 Expense Categories, 9 Bank Accounts/Credit Cards per file, 25 Cash Codes.

— Full range of editing features to make entries fast and easy.

— Check Register, Clear Checks, Running Balance/Bank Balance, Category totals, much more.

— Unique Search program finds and totals items you've never had time to look at before.

— Built in tape printing calculator.

PROMAILER $69.95 A mailing system easy enough for a Christmas Card list, and powerful
enough for a small business.

— Unlimited searching choices in any part of entry with no set up required.

— Sorts in order alphabetically, by zip, state, address.

— Prints 1 or 3 across labels, lists, and envelopes.

PROMAIL III 99.95 The built in Type II program and Form Letterfunction combine to makethis
a mailing system you won't outgrow.

— Print any size label or envelope as well as letter headings, form letters, etc.

— Fill in pre-printed forms with ease.

TYPE-WRITE $44.50 The solution for the typing jobs "word processors" can't handle and with
a built in tape printing calculator.

— Forms, letters, envelopes, are easy with Type-Write's full range of editing functions.

— Line justify, word wrap, line center, flush right, adjustable margins, printer codes.

TYPE-WRITE II $59.95 The addition of a Form Letter Function makes this Type program
handle the toughest jobs. Print letter headings, form letters, even fill out pre-printed forms automatically. A
great time saver.

PRINTER CHARACTER SET $44.50 Ten new print styles for your dot matrix printer
without giving up the features you're used to. Very easy to use.

— Italics, Script, Small, Correspondence, Brush, Roman and Gothic variations.

— Menu 'selections include style, pitch, line spacing, with the push of a key.

— Russian, Greek, Hebrew and Scientific available ($20.00) each.*

CHARACTER DESIGN KIT $59.95 Design yourownprintercharactersonyourcomputer
screen. Perfect for special print styles, foreign languages, graphic characters, etc.

— Includes Roman, Gothic and graphics sets.*

'Okidata (R) 92, 93, 2410, [Gemini 10X, 15X, Delta. Radix (R)], Epson, FX-80, FX-WO.
Please specify printer brand and model.

Kaypro (R) / PC compatibles. Add $2.00 shipping.

Indiana orders add 5% tax. MC/VISA Program updates at minimal cost.

Call or write for more information (no collect calls).

WOODSMITH SOFTWARE

Rt. 3, Box 550A - Nashville, IN 47448 - (812)988-2137

TRADEMARKS— Okidata (Okidata Corp.) Star Micronics, Inc. kaypro (Kaypro Corp.)

ST-611 Bi-Directional Forms Tractor
Solves Text Printing Problems

♦Avail, in 6 Mo.

The ST-611 is a bi-directional forms tractor, designed to provide precise and clear
printing of continuous, fan-fold, single or multiple-part forms, up to six ply.

• Exclusive low torque, anti-backlash drive improves printing registration

• Tractor heads flip up for easy paper loading

• ST-611 clips easily onto the journals of Juki 6100 printers

• Mechanically-driven, the ST-611 requires no additional adjustments

Seitz Tek is a leading manufacturer of paper handling accessories for printers
and copiers. Dealer inquiries are welcome. CALL TODAY TO ORDER: 1-800-
243-5115 (in CT 1-489-0476). Check, VISA, MasterCard accepted.

■ is a subsidiary of The SEITZ Corporation

20233, or phone (301) 763-8071.

Clearinghouse on child
abuse info

The National Center on Child
Abuse and Neglect is a govern-
ment-sponsored database. Free
online access to this database is not
available. You can, however, have
the center's staff access the infor-
mation for you and send you a
printout. (Note: This information is
available via the commercial sys-
tem DIALOG for $35 per hour.)

The database contains abstracts
of literature published since 1965,
descriptions of ongoing research in
the field, and descriptions of pro-
grams that serve victims of child
abuse and neglect. Spanish-lan-
guage materials are also cited.

The database is updated every
six months and contains 20,000
records. Contact the center with
your information request and they
will send you a printout of the
results.

Phone (703) 558-8220, or write
to P.O. Box 1182, Washington, DC
20013.

Smithsonian, I presume?

The world's largest museum has
hundreds of databases just waiting
for you. Though you can't sit beside
the fire in your smoking jacket and
log on with your Kaypro 2000, you
can request that a database search
be made for you. The results are
sent to you free of charge.

We've all heard various stories
about obscure or eccentric objects
maintained in the Smithsonian
museums; my favorite is a story
about George Washington's wooden
false teeth. Are they for real? Using
the Smithsonian's databases you
can play Information Age archae-
ologist. Just call and ask for a
database search on the subject of
false teeth. (The results will as-
tound you!)

Computer databases exist for
every topic the Smithsonian cov-
ers, from anthropology to vol-
canoes. Data is retrievable by
object type or name, or even theme
(continued on page 70)

20 Profiles

f*fc e

Introducing
With A Classic
Your Order For Form Fitting Kaypro Cover

Photo; Form fitting Kaypro cover.

Any 2 Or More Items On
These next 3 Pages Get a

Giant

12 Foot
Coiled Extension

Cord for Your
Kaypro keyboard

Send for your free cord today.

Enjoy that detachable keyboard.

One Free Cord Per Customer

Regarding this coiled retractible cord: Don't be
fooled by cheap imitations. This cord has been
specially manufactured to match the unique
electrical requirements of the Kaypro computer
and meets demanding Kaypro-like specs. It is
guaranteed to work with every model Kaypro
II, IV, and 10. Don't settle for less from copycat
advertisers. Other cords will fail and may hurt
your system. Order your free cord today.

This free offer applies to any 2 or more separate
items. For example, a Kaypro Quality Cover
and one template equals 2 items; 2 templates
equal 2 items, but a single box of diskettes is
one item. We must reserve the right to end this
offer. Don't be disappointed, order today. 12 foot
cords sold separately at $12.95 per cord.

■ • Toll Free • ■

■ Order Desk Only ■

■ 800-533-8049 USA ■

■ 800-624-5628 CA ■

■ wSP m ■

■ Information Calls ■

■ (805) 524-4189 ■

At last, the classic Kaypro dust cover you'll be proud
to own and use. This first rate computer cover is made
from a premium, lint free, static free, washable, free
breathing, and fade resistant sailcloth. It comes in a rich
looking Navy blue or Royal blue, and has a smart
contrasting silver gray piping and trim that adds a
superior finished look. Made to form fit and protect a
Kaypro that is set up and ready to use.

For a limited time only, your price for this factory direct,
custom made, sailcloth Quality Cover is $16.95. When
ordering, remember to indicate color preference. This
special low price is subject to change. You must be completely satisfied with
this cover or we'll refund your money immediately. Order today.

Richly tailored Inside and out. Look inside any of our Quality Covers; see the ultimate
finishing; we use machines that sew with 3 needles so that no edge will ever unravel or shed lint
We stress perfection because you deserve the best. Compare for long-lasting satisfaction

Matching sailcloth
printer covers are $14.95 each.
Complete list sent with order.
New. Special two-piece Kaypro sailcloth cover.
Set covers CPU and keyboard. $19.95 per set.

Quality tailoring
Easy care fabrics
Attractive colors
Professional appeal

FACTORY DIRECT

Kleertex®

$17.95 for one
$34 for two
$49 for three
$62 for four

Learn Software Commands
Super,

"Spikes and surges
can be the greatest
threat to your computer
outside a 4 year old
child with a jelly
sandwich aimed for
the disk drive slot."

CENTRAL COMPUTER PRODUCTS

330 Central Avenue • Fillmore, CA 93015

Kaypro is a trademark of the Kaypro Co rporation

Enemies of Kaypro®...

Spikes,

Surges, and Noise

The Kaypro has enemies. But now you can
protect it from the mish mash of electrical
currents that race through your home or
business. Powerful up-surges of current can
actually blow out your machine. Less
powerful, barely noticeable spikes, surges, and
noise can silently degrade your system in
time, ruining chips, destroying data, and
causing expensive service calls.

The Kaypro manual states, 'Line filtering f& *

will protect your Kaypro... from power surges or other undesirable
occurrences from the power source." Surge protection will help your Kaypro
provide years of trouble-free service. Also, if you plan to use your Kaypro
to access information by modem, you must have a reliable high frequency

Now Available:
o r< . Wordstar/MailMerge

OUper raSt dBase II, CalcStar

Time-saving Kleertex templates are made from a
durable, non -glare plastic, and can be put on
and lifted off the keyboard instantly. The
software commands on Kleertex templates are
easy to read and are conveniently arranged in
^^^^^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^^^■B alphabetical order. With a Kleertex template on
your keyboard, software commands are only a glance away, at your fingertips. This makes it easy to
learn programs that come with your Kaypro. Stop going back to the book to get a software
command. Now you can learn software commands super fast, so you can make better use of your
powerful programs. The expertly organized Wordstar/Mailmerge template, for example gets you
into word processing in half the time. A special dBase II template cuts through the learning curve '
j n j 9etS y ° U P ro S rammin 9 sooner. Kleertex templates for CalcStar, Perfect Writer/Filer

and Perfect Calc get you moving fast on these programs too. Once you try Kleertex templates you'll
*?™? ^. W y ° U SVer 3 °* along without these useful too,s - Central's special price for one template is
} u t Choose a "y two templates for $34 and save. If you like, you may combine purchase of any
of these four templates for super savings. Complete satisfaction is guaranteed or monev-back Makes
learning software a breeze. Great value. Order today

MORE ON NEXT PAGE

PANAMAX SURGE SUPPRESSORS

Description

List

Price

2 outlets, D NF
4 outlets, LC S RB NF
6 outlets, LC S RB NF
UltraMax, LC S UA NF
TeleMax, D 10L 2PJ NF

$ 79.00

$ 59.00

$ 89.00

$ 69.00

$ 99.00

$ 79.00

$149.00

$ 99.00

$ 89.00

$ 69.00

Photo:

Panamax

6 outlets LC S RB NF.

D: Connects direct to grounded wall jack.
LC: Includes 6 foot long heavy duty line cord.

S: Includes illuminated on/off switch
NF: Includes EMI/RFI noise filter.
RB: Includes reset button.
OL: Includes outlet.
PJ: Includes 2 phone jack receptacles.
UA: Includes under voltage alarm/brown out protection.
All units include the added security of a 4 amp fuse.
Unique Panamax EMI/RFI noise filters provide
protection in common and transverse mode. Essential for
modem communications, multi-user stations, etc.
All Panamax units are factory guaranteed for 60 months.

"Power line-associated problems
are estimated to cause nearly 70
to 90 percent of the malfunctions
in the IBM PC."

"Overvoltage can be fatal
to both data and hardware alike."
P.C. Magazine, March 1983

™— ~y ...wuwiii, yv^u iiiuoL nave a leuauie lliyil irequ*

noise (EMI/RFI) suppressor to insure against data loss and scrambling.
There are many "toy" surge suppressors on the market. They are smartly colored, but beware. The performance
difference is amazing. The best surge and noise suppressors on the market are made by Panamax Our
Panamax Challenge Certificate" tells all. It is a startling comparison of Panamax quality with 11 other well-
known brands. One aspect of this revealing report tells how Panamax responds to and cuts surges in 5 or less
pico seconds, while most other suppressors respond at a comparatively slow 5 to 50 nanoseconds!
Check our^ regular low prices. Try the Panamax of your choice for 15 days. Receive the "Panamax Challenge
Certificate with your purchase. If not completely satisfied with your purchase, return for immediate full refund
Your Kaypro deserves Panamax protection, the best there is. Order today.

Lockable

Diskette

Defender

Handsome,

sturdy,

smoke-tinted

acrylic tray

holds 70

Kaypro-size

diskettes. Flip-up lid keeps out dust,

debris, and moisture, and locks

securely to guard your important work.

Comes with 7 dividers that make for

easy filing and keep floppies upright to

prevent bending, warping, and

scratching. Tough metal lock never

comes in contact with diskettes because

it is enclosed in a plastic housing.

Super value at $23 for one, or $21

each if you buy 2 or more. Keep prying

eyes and sticky fingers away from your

important data. Order today.

Cables

Top quality, individually tested 36 pin
Centronics-type standard parallel cables
for all model Kaypros. These are made
to work hard and long. Guaranteed.
5 ft cables ... $19.95 each
10 ft cables ... $25.95 each

Top quality, individually tested ribbon
modem RS 232C cables designed with
reinforced clamps for a sure continuous
connection and made especially for
your Kaypro. These work every time.
2 ft cables ... $14.95 each
5 ft cables ... $16.95 each

^ # # 800-533-8049 USA Central Computer Products 800-624-5628 CA

Please turn page

Central Computer Products

330 Central Avenue

Fillmore, California 93015

(805) 524-4189

Mail Order service you can depend on.

Personal Service
Low Prices
Fast deliveries
Tele-Support

Price Protection Policy

Central Computer will meet or beat any price
listed in this magazine on products also advertised
in our ads. If you see a lower price, please tell us.
We'll beat that price and pay shipping too.
Try our lightning fast service today. Thank you.

The All New SmartKey II

— now comes with Windows and much more!

Get ready for real computing power!
SmartKey II Plus Version 4.2 now comes with
windows. Lets you redefine every key on
your keyboard from inside any program. Just
push a key, a window opens up on your
screen, redefine the key. Move the cursor
anywhere in the window. Make corrections in
the window. Simple. Redefining keys is easier
than ever. Lots of new features. Will save you
thousands of keystrokes. Really fun. Touch a
key and spell out your entire name and
address. Or anything else you want. Unlike
similar programs, SmartKey does not interfere
with the regular function of your keyboard.
Once you've tried it, computing will never be
the same. Lets you save numerous complex
command codes, boilerplate paragraphs,
inventory numbers, or whatever, and inject
any of them into your work with a single key.

Central's super priced $45 SmartKey II
Plus combo pak includes a free copy of
SmartPrint II Plus, a program that greatly
enhances the operation of dot matrix printers,
and a free copy of Paul Golding's $15.95
book, Screen Smarts, The Computer Tamer's
Guide. This book tells how you can use
SmartKey to turn your computer into a
supercharged mean machine. Save time and
money. Order today to get this hard hitting
$95 software and book combo for only $45.
30 Day Moneyback Guarantee. Test drive it.

Attention: Sorry XtraKey. XtraKey users who want to see
definite power, turn in your master disk. Get a $10 credit.

Text Filing Machine

Turn your Kaypro in to a powerful text
filing machine. SuperFile is a 'extual matter
database manager unlike any other. It puts
you in control of your information. It allows
you to easily store and retrieve notes, letters,
random thoughts, contracts, depositions,
invoices, new product information, sales
reports, reference articles, scripts, abstracts,

bibliographies, customer profiles, and much more. SuperFile accepts as many as 65,000 entries per
database; allows 512,000 keystrokes per record, each of which can have up to 250 keywords; and
indexes information you've stored on as many as 255 diskettes per database. Powerful.

Input for a SuperFile database comes from your word processor, so you can easily include
information you already have into a database without having to re-key it. No fancy fields to define.
This is a completely free-form database system. No programming language to learn. There's nothing
difficult here. You can be up and running within minutes. SuperFile uses logical searching
procedures to find your information fast. SuperFile searches from 60 to 400 entries per second.
Save yourself the time and effort of filing and cross-filing information by hand or in overly structured
data fields. SuperFile lists at $195. Central's price is $145. Order today to get SuperFile fast.

Full Power Computing

T/Maker Integrated is a highly acclaimed
powerhouse program that can turn your CP/M
Kaypro into a computing workhorse. At last,
you can enjoy productive computing like never
before. Imagine doing full-featured word
processing, relational database management,
spreadsheet analysis, horizontal bar chart
graphics, and checking your spelling all within
the same program. No more switching back and
forth between barely compatible programs to
accomplish these simple tasks. T/Maker
Integrated is universally acknowledged as a
unique integrated software system that is just
plain easy to learn. There is an alternative to
doing things the hard way. T/Maker can put the
hidden and largely untapped power of your
Kaypro at your command. T/Maker Integrated is
regularly $450. Central is proud to offer this
outstanding multi-function package for the low,
low introductory price of $179. Yes, this
includes the entire feature-packed T/Maker
package, so please treat yourself to this excellent
super productive software today. Experience the
power of true software integration on your
Kaypro. Order T/Maker today. Get it fast.

*&*•#

Print Bright Pages

Wow! You'll be amazed at the compliments you'll
get from using this program. No wonder. FontStar
makes you look good. All you do is put a few
FontStar commands in your letter, bulletin,
invitation, or manuscript, and print. It's easy.

Don't let FontStar's low price fool you. It's a
powerful program. Although it's not as versatile as
Fancy Font, it really brightens up plain jane dot
matrix printing and for much less too. Works with
Epson FX, RX, MX, and LQ1500 printers. Also
works with Epson compatibles like Gemini printers
too. Gives same results. Impressive. Good looking
reports, letters, invitations, announcements, etc.

FontStar comes with 16 preprogrammed fonts, but it also lets you design your own fonts or
character sets. FontStar doesn't require complex commands, or any tricks to operate. It makes
typeset quality justification a snap, so everything you print looks super professional. Use as many
fonts as you like in your documents. By the way, each font also comes with a complete set of
foreign language characters, so printing in Spanish, French, or other European languages is a snap.
Make your own Greek or Hebrew font sets too. Design special characters too. No matter what you
print out, FontStar will make it look better. FontStar is only $49. Order FontStar today. Get more
from your dot matrix Epson or compatible than you every thought possible. Order today.

Attention- Imagine dot matrix printing with a flair. That's what FontStar does. Makes a page look bright. FontStar works with any
word processor that produces plain ASCII files including WordStar and NewWord. Order today to get FontStar-type printing fast.

Bodoni

Bodoni Italic

Micrograma Extended

Ffastt Bold

Broadway

8QCQ9 @©i?Q<? @[DQ(3©(a

OCR B-Font

<©Rr <£nslt£l)

Sample of some of FontStar's 16 Fonts.
Make Up Your Own Alphabet or Characters too.

Toll Free Order Desk

800-533-8049 USA
800-624-5628 CA

Product Description

List Central

Kaypro Software

ATI TRAINING SOFTWARE

CP/M
MBasic

Interactive training

Multiplan
Wordstar

teaches how to use
software. Fast results.

$ 39.95
$ 39.95
$ 75.00
$ 75.00

$ 33.00
$ 33.00
$ 57.00
$ 57.00

BORLAND INTERNATIONAL

Turbo Pascal 3.0

Turbo Toolbox, Software Tools

Turbo Tutor, Step by Step

CDE SOFTWARE

Checks & Balances

$ 69.95 $ 58.00
$ 49.95 $ 44.00
$ 34.00 $ 29.00

$ 62.00

$ 74.95

CHUCK ATKINSON PROGRAMS

Quick Check + AR $195.00

Retail Inventory + Q Register $395.00

Quick Check Money Manager $ 95.00

— Recommended for comprehensive ease of use

COMPUTER EDITYPE SYSTEMS

Magic Print • $195.00

Magic Bind • $250.00

Magic Index — includes * $295.00

— All superior WordStar enhancers

COMPUTRONICS

VersaBusiness Series

VersaLedger II $149.95

Any other modules $ 99.95

CONSULTANT SYSTEMS

The Real Estate Consultant $399.00 $349.00

with The Creative Loan Consultant

— Don't buy or sell property without this software

CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE

Home Accountant Plus $ 99.95 $ 79.95

EXECUTIVE SOFTWARE

Decision Analyst $139.00 $124.00

— Use logic process for decision making fTfSn\

$149.00
$289.00
$ 69.00

$155.00
$199.00
$245.00

$115.00
$ 79.50

E-SOFT

Fastback

$ 99.00 $ 74.00

DIGITAL MARKETING/PRO TEM

Bibliography $ 99.00 $ 82.00

Footnote and Pair * $ 99.00 $ 79.00

Grammatik • $ 75.00 $ 69.00

Hvper Typer, Typing Tutor $ 39.95 $ 32.00

Index • $ 99.00 $ 84.00

Milestone, Project Planner $ 99.00 $ 89.00

Bibliography and Footnote $150.00 $128.00

Notebook $150.00 $115.00

Writer's Pak - includes $250.00 $189.00

all ■*• products and Random House Checker

— Call for prices on other DM or PT products

EAGLE ENTERPRISES

Citation $185.00 $145.00

General Ledger $185.00 $135.00

— Easiest to use full-featured GL available

EWDP SOFTWARE tfrf^}

Filebase with UTL \jP^ $150.00 $ 99.00

— Mailmerge enhancer and database manager

FYI, INC.

FYI 3000 $395.00 $299.00

SuperFile with Sort & Merge $195.00 $145.00

— Free form textual matter database managers

— Index material spread over 255 diskettes

INFOCOM

Enchanter

$ 39.95

$ 37.00

Deadline

$ 49.95

$ 46.00

SeaStaker

$ 39.95

$ 37.00

Infidel

$ 44.95

$ 42.00

Witness

$ 39.95

$ 37.00

ZorkI

$ 39.95

$ 37.00

Zork 11 & III each

$ 44.95

$ 42.00

(233

— Call for prices on other Infocom products

MENDOCINO SOFTWARE

Eureka, Disk Cataloger $ 50.00

— Helps you find the right file instantly

MICROPRO

Mailmerge

MICROSOFT

MBasic Compiler
MultiPlan

MICROSOLUTIONS

Uniform Kaypro II/2 $ 69.95

Reads 32 + machine formats
Uniform Kaypro 2X/IV or 10 $ 69.95

Reads 90 + machine formats

$ 99.00

$395.00
$195.00

$ 48.00

$ 89.00

$299.00
$149.00

$ 49.95
$ 49.95

m # Piea S e turn page 800-533-8049 USA Central Computer Products 800-624-5628 CA

* * *

800-533-8049 USA
800-624-5628 CA

Product Description

List Central

Kaypro Software - continued

$124.00
$149.00

$399.00

$165.00

$ 34.00
$ 39.00
$ 29.00
$ 34.00
$ 42.00

MYCROFT LABS

Mite Communications $150.00

Mite Plus Terminal Emulations $175.00

NORTHWESTERN ANALYTICAL

StatPak $495.00

PEARLSOFT

Personal Pearl $295.00

— Easy to use, top flight database manager
PLU PERFECT SYSTEMS
Plu Perfect Writer CP/M 2.2E $ 39.95
Backgrounder $ 45 00
CP/M 2.2E only $ 32.00
Date Stamper $ 39. 00
Data Stamper, General CP/M $ 49.00

— These don't work with Kaypro CP/M 2.2U
QUIC-N-EASY PROD.

Q-Pro-4 $595.00 $395.00

— World class database manager. Many built-in
super features including multikey file indexing

SAN FRANCISCO COMP

Power! $149.00

DocuPower! $149.00

SOFTAIDS IJTSm

MTBasic Compiler *•'"*# $ 49.95 $ 46.00

— Build windows into your programs
SOFTCRAFT

Fancy Font 2.0 $180.00 $149.00

SOFTWARE COUNTRY flfiTO

Book of Change, I CHING $ 39.95 $ 36.00

— Consult the Oracle. Self -reflection aid
SOFTWARE RESEARCH TECH
dFastest, dBase Fast Sort ^/(\ $ 89.00
Touch n'Go, Typing Tutor <<(£>)$ 29.00

$ 99.00
$ 99.00

$ 69.00
$ 24.00
$ 69.00

$ 22.00
$ 29.95
$ 27.00
$ 45.00
$ 54.00

$100.00 $ 75.00

$389.00
$479.00

SmartBrain, Idea Processor'*''" $ 99.00

SOFTWARE TOOLWORKS

Eliza $ 24.94

MyChess $ 34.95

Word Wiggle $ 29 95

C/80 $ 49.95

Reading Professor, Speed Read $ 59.95

— Call for prices on other Toolworks products

SORCIM

SuperCalc 2 $295.00 $235.00

SPECTRE TECHNOLOGIES

Rembrandt 3.0 $ 79.95 $ 59. 00

STAR SYSTEMS

The Accounting Partner $395.00 $275.00

Accounting Partner Integrated $795.00 $599.00

Upgrade AP to AP Integrated $400.00 $329.00
SUPERSOFT
Disk Doctor

WALONICK ASSOCIATES j.

StatPak, Statistical Analysis J£& $495.00
Forecast Plus, Time Series \&^ $595.00

Hardware

FLO-SYSTEMS ^fe*»

Handyman ^*?l(y $124.95

— Easy install. Powerful add-on for all Kaypros'

PANAMAX

PowerMax - $559.00 $399.95

250 Watt Battery Back-up

SWP MICROCOMPUTER PROD

256k CoPower-88 Plus $495.00 $399.00

— Plus boards are expandable up 1 megabyte

— RAM disk. Add PCDOS : MSDOS computer.

Diskettes

Dysan SSDD Kaypro 2/II disks
Dysan DSDD 2X/IV/10 disks
3M SSDD Kaypro 2/II diskettes
3M DSDD 2X, IV/10 diskettes
3M Head Cleaning Kit

Bookware

Compleat Kaypro II, IV & 10
CP/M for the Kaypro

with an Introduction to dBase II
Kaypro WP Plain & Simple $ 13.95 $ 12.50

Using CP/M on Kaypro 10 $ 19.50 $ 18.00

Screen Smarts, Tamer's Guide $ 15.95 $ 12.95

10/box
10/box
10/box
10/box
$ 32.00

$ 16.95
16.95

$116.00

$ 23.00

$ 29.00

$ 18.00

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$ 15.00

Free yellow Hi-Liter pen sent with every book order.
Prices, specifications, and offers subject to change without notice.

Do You Wish Writing Was Easier?

If you need to write, or want to write clearly, your Kaypro and the software program
Punctuation and Style can help you get there faster. It improves, clarifies, and enriches your
writing by identifying sentences with misused, redundant, faulty, cliched, or erroneous phrases
and shows you how to improve them. It helps you rewrite and check your work by quickly '
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of awkward, muddy, pompous, and wordy sentence structure, it also finds missing or improper
punctuation, unbalanced quotes, wrong abbreviations, faulty capitalizations, and much more
Punctuation and Style actually improves your writing by mercilessly pointing out grammatical
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Punctuation and Style makes writing and rewriting much easier. The list price of Punctuation and
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Perfect Kaypro® Stand

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This stand is made from rounded, steel rods
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Fillmore, California 93015
(805) 524-4189
Dear Central,

Please send me the items listed below. I want fast,
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Description Price

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Cordura
Travel Case

This full featured,
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case is made from a
super-material called
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material is rip, shred,,
and water resistant.

The Coverman Kaypro case comes fully
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Since your Kaypro is completely enclosed in
this case, it keeps rain, sand, and other debris
out of your machine. The Coverman case
comes with external carrying handles and a
detachable strap with a non-slip shoulder pad
that comes in handy when you have to carry
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Coverman Kaypro carrying case is regularly
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# # ^ Central Computer Products # # #

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D Navy blue

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To order by mail use coupon, letter, or photo copy. Thank you.

'~~

The Z-System

A powerful booster for CP/M computers: part 1

by Ted Silveira

Would you like to have your favorite programs
available at the touch of a key? Feed your
computer an hour's work and leave, knowing
it can deal with any problems? Have the last laugh
when IBM owners brag about performance?

This may sound like a TV huckster's pitch ("It slices
and dices ..."), but it's not. The Z-System is a software
supercharger. It helps you get more done in less time by
giving you a plush, high-performance working envi-
ronment that could make an IBM user's jaw drop.

The Z-System isn't a single thing, like a word pro-
cessor or a spreadsheet. It's a set of building blocks from
which you create a system that suits you. Briefly, it

consists of:

• ZCPR3, a replacement for CP/M's console command

processor (CCP).

• The ZCPR3 tools, utility programs that use
ZCPR3's special features.

• ZRDOS, a commercial replacement for CP/M's
basic disk operating system.

• Some commercial programs written specially for

ZCPR3.

ZCPR3 and its utilities, created by Richard Conn,
are copyrighted material that have always been avail-
able through public domain sources for non-commer-
cial use. For people who can't get to those sources, or for
people who want to use the Z-System for commercial
purposes, ZCPR3 is now available at reasonable cost
from Echelon, Inc. (see "Where To Get It," page 30).
Echelon also markets the commercial parts of the Z-
System, provides licensing for commercial use, pub-
lishes a newsletter, and coordinates ZCPR3 updates
and additions. Through Echelon's efforts, the full Z-
System was adopted for Steve Ciarcia's impressive
SB180 computer project, featured in Byte magazine,
September and October 1985.

This month I'll highlight some important parts of the
Z-System and show how they work in my system. Next
month, I'll cover ways to install the Z-System on a
Kaypro.

ZCPR3

The core of the Z-System is ZCPR3 (Z80 Command
Processor Replacement). ZCPR3 replaces CP/M's con-

24 Profiles

sole command processor (CCP), which interprets your
commands and contains the built-in commands DIR,
REN, ERA, TYPE, SAVE, and USER. ZCPR3 enhances
these commands and adds new ones. For example,
ZCPR3's ERA command can ask for verification before
it erases files. And its TYPE command will pause after
every 22 lines (one screenful). ZCPR3 also adds new
built-in commands such as LIST, which sends files to

the printer.

The most important features of ZCPR3 include:

Search Paths— You can specify the path ZCPR3 will
follow when trying to execute a command. On my
system, if I enter WS at the B > prompt, ZCPR3 will look
for WS.COM on drive B; if it doesn't find WS.COM there,
it will automatically try drive A. These paths can be
quite elaborate.

Multiple-Command Lines— You can set up a com-
mand line buffer that allows you to enter several
commands at once, separated by semicolons (;). For
example, if you enter WS MOM.LTR;TW MOM.LTR,
ZCPR3 will run WordStar and open the file MOM.LTR.
When you exit WordStar, ZCPR3 will run The Word
Plus to check your spelling.

Named Directories— You can also use named direc-
tories. Instead of referring to drive BO: or A 15:, you can
use names like WORDSTAR: or FINANCE:.

Other ZCPR3 Buffers— ZCPR3 can have other buff-
ers that allow ZCPR3 programs to pass messages to
each other, get information about the operating envi-
ronment, and, in the case of "shell" programs, reload

themselves automatically.

Resident Command Packages— You can reserve
memory space for a resident command package
(RCP). An RCP gets loaded into memory when you start
your computer so that its commands are available just
like built-in commands. It can contain expanded ver-
sions of built-in commands or entirely new ones such
as CP, a file copy command, or PEEK and POKE, which
let you examine and change bytes in memory.

RCPs are dynamically loadable. You can load differ-
ent ones, containing different commands, into memory
at any time.

Flow Command Packages— A flow command
package (FCP) is another dynamically loadable pack-
age, containing logic commands (such as IF, IF EXIST,
and ELSE) that control the flow of command execution.
By combining flow commands with ZCPR3 s multiple-
command line, you get "smart" commands.

Take the command line IF EXIST B:FINANCE.-
COM;ERA A:FINANCE.COM;ELSE;PIP B:=A:FI-
NANCE.COM;ERA A : FINANCE. COM ;FI. ZCPR3 will
check to see if B: FIN ANCE.COM exists [if exist). If it
does, ZCPR3 will erase A:FINANCE.COM. If it doesn't
(else), ZCPR3 will copy FINANCE.COM to B and then
erase it from A. The FI command closes the logical
alternatives.

Flow commands are very valuable in automatic
operations such as batch files and menus.

Input/Output Packages— The input/output pack-
age (IOP) is a third dynamically loadable package,

ILLUSTRATION BY DAVID DARROW

containing input/output device drivers. Right now,
IOPs are mostly do-it-yourself. Echelon does market
two commercial IOPs— PKEY a simple key definition
program, and RECORDER, which saves everything
crossing your screen into a disk file.

System Security— ZCPR3 also has security
options. It's possible, for example, to prevent users from
entering certain drive and user areas as well as to
eliminate dangerous commands.

ZCPR3 tools

Along with ZCPR3 come 76 utility programs. Some are
counterparts of memory-resident commands such as
DIR, IF, and CR Others perform simple but useful tasks.
DIFF compares two files. PATH alters the search path.
FINDF searches all directories for a particular file.

And some utilities play especially important roles in
the Z-System:

ALIAS— With ALIAS, you can create a special pro-
gram containing a series of ZCPR3 commands. When
you run this alias, ZCPR3 will execute the commands
as if you'd entered them at the keyboard.

You can, for example, create an alias named TRANS-
FER.COM containing the commands IF EXIST B:-
$l;ECHO FILE ALREADY EXISTS;ELSE;CP B:=A:-
$ 1 ;FI. When you then give the command TRANSFER
NOTE.FIL, the name "NOTE.FIL" will be substituted
for every "$ 1 " in the command line. ZCPR3 will test to
see if B:NOTE.FIL exists. If so, it will echo "FILE
ALREADY EXISTS" to the screen and quit. If not, it will

December 25

copy NOTE.FIL to B using the CP command and quit
Aliases can be much longer and are very useful for
frequent or awkward tasks.

VFILER— VFILER is a file-maintenance program
that can copy delete, rename, and unsqueeze files,
singly or in groups. It's like the public domain program
NSWP207, with three extras. First, rather than listing
files in a single column, VFILER shows them in four ,
columns of 1 8 rows each. You can use the arrow keys to -
move your cursor around the file display in any
direction.

Second, VFILER runs as a shell. From inside
VFILER, you can issue any ZCPR3 command. VFILER
will surrender control while the commands run and
then reload itself. You can even run WordStar from
inside VFILER.

Third, VFILER can store ten macros, each of which
can be any series of ZCPR3 commands. Because
VFILER keeps track of the file your cursor is pointing
to, you can build general macros that will automati-
cally act on this file.

VMENU and MENU— VMENU and MENU run
menus you create with text files. The menu options can
be any ZCPR3 command sequences (as with aliases or
VFILER macros), complete with flow commands and
pauses for user input. In addition, VMENU and MENU
both run as shells so you can create a menu-driven
system in which a user never sees the A > prompt.

The main difference between VMENU and MENU is
that VMENU is video-oriented— it displays the files on
the current disk just as VFILER does (but only 16 at a
time). As in VFILER, you can move the cursor in any
direction, and the menu options can act on the file
currently pointed to.

ZEX— ZEX is a batch-file processor, a fancier ver-
sion of CP/M's SUBMIT and XSUB. ZEX can use flow
commands so that batch files vary their actions
according to conditions. It can also use a program
called GOTO to create loops in the ZEX file and one
called REG to set, check, and alter counters. Together,
these give you a simple programming language for
batch files.

ZRDOS

ZRDOS (Z80 Replacement Disk Operating System) and
ZRDOS Plus are commercial products, written by Den-
nis Wright and marketed by Echelon. Either one com-
pletely replaces the normal CP/M BDOS (basic disk
operating system) to give you a more efficient CP/M-
compatible BDOS.

Non-programmers will find four major improve-
ments. First, you no longer have to warm boot when
you change disks.

Second, ZRDOS knows whether a file has been
changed since you last backed it up, allowing a ZRDOS
utility ACCOM, to back up only changed files.

Third, with ZRDOS, you can also restrict access to
files— data files, text files, and so on— providing a new

level of security.

Fourth, ZRDOS has a "public directory" feature. It
you place program overlays and similar files in a public
directory, then programs that need them (like Word-
Star) can find them no matter which directory you're
currently in. Combined with search paths, this feature
simplifies hard disk management immensely.

With Z-System, you no

longer have to warm boot

when you change disks.

The difference between ZRDOS and ZRDOS Plus is
that ZRDOS Plus allows "single-level re-entrance,"
which makes very efficient redirectable I/O routines
possible. You also must have ZRDOS Plus in order to
use Echelon's two commercial IOP products, PKEY and
RECORDER.

I've found one commercial program that's incom-
patible with ZRDOS— a Sidekick-like program called
Write-Hand-Man. Write-Hand-Man alters the standard
CP/M BDOS, a very unusual step. When it tries to do the
same thing with ZRDOS, it fails. Few, if any, other
programs will have this problem.

Echelon also offers some commercial programs for
the Z-System. It sells a set of programming tools and
two application programs— DISCAT, a file cataloging
program, and TERM3, a super communications
program.

Z-System in action

So, the Z-System has many great features, far more
than I've mentioned. What can it do for you? To give you
a feel for what's possible, here's part of my Z-System.

I turn on my computer, stick WordStar in drive A and
my current writing project in drive B, and shut the
drive doors. After 13 seconds, the opening menu
appears.

From the opening menu, I can choose one of four sub-
menus—brainstorm, manuscript, letter, or housekeep-
ing. This morning I'm working on a PROFILES article,
so I select the manuscript menu. It appears immedi-
ately (see Listing 1).

The lower part of the screen shows the menu options.
The upper one-third shows 16 files from my B disk,
along with a " [more files] " message. If I hit AF, the menu
will display the next 16 files. With AA, I can flip back to
the first set.

Using the cursor arrow keys, I move a pointer (— >)
around the file display until it points to the file I want.
This file (ZSYS- 1 in Listing 1 ) becomes the pointer file.
Once I select my file (a few keystrokes, no chance of
misspelling), most options on my menu (E, S, P, W) will
act on that file automatically.

I enter E to edit the file— my key definitions for

26 Profiles

LISTING 1

BS : Noname

Vers ion 1.6 [ Z 8 Cod

No Fi le BIO

DU-CORX1. LETTER . F I L

WS- KEYS , DOC OUTLINE .

-) Z-SYS1 HOTROD JOT

Z-SYS1 .

[More Files J
F LMK T 3 . DBASE JOT
CONSOLE .FIL F LMKT004 .
FLMKT005, TF082585.LTR
Z 1 -LIST . Z 1 -SIDE

E- edit current file

S- check spelling In current die

C- clean up punctuation in current file
P - check style and phrasing in current file
W- count words in current file
R- run WordStar no* menu
B- go to BRAINSTORM menu
L - go to LETTER menu
ft- go to HOUSEKEEPING menu
Z- give ZCPR3 command
Command (CR=Menu, ! C=Z3, ' =1sf Menu, (=Prev Menu, >=

LISTING 2

■MANUSCRIPT MENU

-edit current file

-check spelling in current file

-clean up punctuation in current file

- check style and phrasing in current file

-count words in cu'rent file

-run WordStar no-file menu

-go to BRAINSTORM menu

-go to LETTER menu

go to HOUSEKEEPING menu

Z- give ZCPR3 command
*

Eldr a;mstop;get 100 a:ws,com;poke 8366 i DC 0A 08 40;poke 0376 02;poke
3CF-I C3 27 3D; go Spf

Sa:;eraa:errwordstxt;spellb:Spfa:specials,cmp$5scf;review;if exist

a:errwo[ds.M;markfix b:Spf;b:;ws Spfcelse b:;fi
Ca:;cleanupb:5pfS$D;b:
Fa:;phrase b:Spf $SD;b:
W!a:wcb:Spf
Rldr a:ms,iop;get 100 a:ws,com;poke 8366 08 0C 0A 8A 88 «;pcke 0376 02;poke

3CF1C3273D;go
B:2
L:4
H:6
ZTommand?"

manuscript editing are loaded, WordStar is loaded, its
defaults are set to my manuscript format, and the 20K
file ZSYS- 1 is loaded. Total time from striking the key to
seeing the first screen of text— 1 1 seconds.

When I exit WordStar after working on ZSYS-1, I'm
back at the manuscript menu. I can now run a word
count, a spelling check, a punctuation check, or a style
check on the file ZSYS-1 with a single keystroke. If I
correct or mark any words during a spelling check, the
menu system automatically runs WordStar again. If I
don't change anything, I'm returned to the menu.

When I've finished the file, I jump to the letter menu
to write my cover letter. This menu is exactly like the
manuscript menu, except that WordStar and the other
programs get set for a different format— single-spaced
text, 76 character line, etc.

I can also jump to the housekeeping menu to check
disk space and erase old files. If I'm done for the day, I
choose the backup option here. I'm prompted to
change disks, and then every file I've created or altered
today is copied to the backup disk, while unchanged
files are ignored.

If I'm starting a new project, I go to the brainstorm
menu, first for making notes and later for sorting and
arranging them. This menu runs WordStar and the key
definition program with yet a third set of defaults and
definitions.

From any of these menus, I can use the Z option to
enter any legal series of ZCPR3 commands, just as I
would at the A > prompt.

Behind the scenes

How does it all work? Listing 2 shows part of the text file
used by the menu program. The upper half shows the
screen layout for the manuscript menu, and the lower
half shows the command strings executed by the man-

uscript menu options. Each command string begins
with the letter of the menu option that executes it (E, S,
C, etc.) followed by the commands themselves, sepa-
rated by semicolons.

The Edit Command— The first command string
(beginning "Eldr a:ms.iop . . . ") is the "Edit current
file" command executed when I select option E. The
first command— ldr a:ms.iop— tells the program LDR
to load the IOP named MS.IOP. This IOP contains the key
definitions I use for manuscript editing.

The second command— get 100 ws.com— uses a
ZCPR3 command that pulls WordStar into memory
but doesn't run it. The following three "poke" com-
mands patch this memory-copy of WordStar so that its
defaults are set for manuscript editing. The last com-
mand—go $pf— runs the patched WordStar. The sym-
bol "$pf" stands for the "pointer file," so if the pointer
file is ZSYS- 1 , then "go $pf" runs WordStar just as if Id
typed "WS B:ZSYS-1" at the A> prompt.

I also use this technique (called "poke & go" by its
creator, Bruce Morgen) on the letter and brainstorm
menus so that I seem to have three custom WordStars.
In reality, I have one standard WordStar that gets
patched differently depending on which menu I run it
from. The patching takes less than a second, and I
could install much longer patches.

The Spelling Check Command— The next com-
mand string (beginning "Sa:;era a: errwords.txt . . . ")
shows how flow control makes commands smarter. The
first four commands switch to drive A, erase any left-
over ERRWORDS.TXT file, run SPELL from The Word
Plus to check the pointer file (using the special diction-
ary SPECIALS.CMP), and then run REVIEW to check
for misspellings.

The next command— if exist a:errwords.txt—
checks to see if the file A: ERRWORDS.TXT exists.

December 27

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In Peopletalk's learner-friendly style covering:

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Book section

- MicroPro software

- Printer Tips

- Beginner Helps
Salvo & dBase

- Product reviews

- In-depth articles

- Perfect Software

- Public Domain Software

- Telecommunications
Don't Miss Our Christmas Product and Gift issue.

4 issues MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE $20.00
Back issues * "

WordStar & Friends - Kaypro 2 and 4 *\l'Vj.

Perfect Manuals for Kaypro 2 or 4 $17.95

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KAYPRO UPGRADES

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A DISK WITHOUT A DRIVE? A RAMdisk gives
you another drive (for temporary storage)
Programs run lightning FAST! Comes with 256K of
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DEPOT UPGRADE SERVICE $99.50

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TurboROM: Supports up to four double-sided or
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Early '83 TurboROM Adapter $14.00

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Kaypro 10 Hard Disk expansion: Increase 10's
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kits. Accepts Double-sided (390K) or Quad density
(790 K) drives. Includes TurboRom.
2 Double-Sided Drives (KII) CALL

2 Quad and 1 Double (KII.4) CALL!

Expansion Module: Used with TurboROM to
provide for adding drives C: and D:. Works with
Double and Quad drives. *js.5>;>

KAYPRO 10 CORNER

KBACK - Ultra fast backup program \* 9 - 9 \
FASTBACK - Highly praised backup utility $74.95
PASSWORD - The complete security system.
Gives you control over who has access to your
computer and what areas they may use. $49.95

[ s P€OPL€TRLK ®j

JUST RELEASED!

MS-DOS EDITION
FREE SOFTWARE HANDBOOK $17.95

The CP/M edition is in its third printing; the
PC- DOS/MS-DOS volume took a year to research
and write, but it's out in time for Christmas gift
giving. Separate editions for CP/M & MS-DOS.
Features top programs in public domain:

- What they are - How to get them

- When they're useful - How they work
(Handbook plus software disks $62.95. Disks only
$54.95. Please specify machine & disk format.)

78 Disks of CP/M and MS-DOS Public Domain

Software! See Christmas issue of our Quarterly or
call for our P.D. Disk catalogue. Per disk: $11.95

-?—"" y- The Ultimate Database CP/M $99.95
MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE! MS-DOS $149.95

Fully relational database, uses up to 16 files at
one time, natural language interpreter — talk to
Salvo in English, powerful 4th generation language
— write whole programs in 2 or 3 lines.

ChecksC&iBalances cp/m or ms-dos $64.95
Easy-to-use accounting package for personal
and business use. MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE!

"If anyone had told me that I would be balancing
my checkbook and enjoying it, I would have
suggested he was a candidate for a rubber room!"
Dave Gerrold, Profiles Magazine
®
| NEW! SmartKey4 for CP/M Kaypros $44.95

NEW! SmartKey5 for MS-DOS machines $54.95
SmartKey-II for Other CP/M Machines $44.95
Customize your keyboard and turn your most-used
commands into one keystroke. A perfect gift!

SmartPrint Take control of your printer! $19.95
| SmartKey with SmartPrint (any format) $59.95

j NEW! SmartDisk Multi-format Utility $44.95

Creates 112 disk formats on any MSDOS machine.

RAMdisk with PC-DOS processing capability.

| 256K (expandable to 1 Mb) RAMdisk runs IBM's
PCDOS on CP/M Kaypro Osborne Xerox & Morrow.
Co-Power 88 and 88 Plus From $324.95

CfemltranW _ Charts, Graphs & Plots $59.95
Kaypro <5c Osborne CP/M Demo disk $6.00

^jfi gftl TAXAN PRINTER BUFFER $239.00

/^vBJP"""" 1 ! 64K memory, comes pre-cabled for 1
w^jfi*!'--';.:-: Parallel printer. Expandable to 256K &.
^%SX^p" "'"''' ' 2 Peters. Expansions just plug in, no
mechanical skill required.

NEW! PnntMaster Super Graphics - Low Price

The amazing PrintMaster lets you create -

- Pictures - Stationary - Signs

- Greeting Cards - Posters - Banners
All art in this ad was created by PrintMaster!
Runs on ANY CP/M Kaypro or Morrow & most
MSDOS machines. Uses Epson, Gemini, Okidata, or
Toshiba Printers. Includes 111 predefined pictures.
Creates millions of unique designs. Very Flexible
and Easy To Use. MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE!
PrintMaster $49.95
PrintMaster Demo Disk $6.00

You've Never Seen Anything Like PrintMaster!

NEW BOOK! - The Creative PrintMaster $13.95

DISKETTES! SPECIAL 25 DISK PREPACKS

H Single-Sided: $1.20 each $30.00 Box

Double-Sided: $1.40 each $35.00 Box
Includes warranty, envelopes & labels
DISKETTE BREEDING CAGES
Tubs and Library Boxes for Perpetual Disk Growth:
5 Library Boxes (10 disks each) $10.95

Disk Tub (holds 25 disks) $15.95

Disk Tub (holds 50 disks) $19.95

Locking Disk Tub (50 disks) $22.95

PHOENIX The Incredible Self Re-Inking ribbon!

Guaranteed to outlast 12 mortal ribbons. Fits
Okidata, Gemini & some C.Itohs. Pick one:

Printaholic $15.95 Heavy Abuser $15.95

Daily Habit $15.95 Occasional User $15.95

Write or call for our complete catalogue.
Attention Programmers! We publish software.
Contact us for information.

P€OPL€TALK ASSOCIATES. IDC

P.O. Box 863652- A
Piano, TX 75086
1-800-PT BOOKS

Inside Texas call: 1-214-423-4634

Please include product price in U.S. Dollars + $3
shipping & handling, $7 for COD ($12 surface or
$25 air mail outside U.S.) Texas residents add tax.

Z-SYSTEM

Since I erased any such file at the beginning, it only
exists if it was recreated during the spelling check— if
there were misspelled words, that is to say. If so, the
next three commands are executed, running MARK-
FIX to correct the misspelled words, logging back to
drive B, and running WordStar to open the corrected
file again.

If the file A-.ERRWORDS.TXT doesn't exist, then no
words were misspelled. In that case, the execution
jumps from "if exist a:errwords.txt" to the "else" com-
mand—else b:— which returns to drive B, ignoring
everything in between. The final command— fi— ends
the flow control.

This simple flow control gives you an idea of whafs
possible. It runs much faster than if I entered these
commands myself. More important, I don't have to
remember the command series— I just work it out once,
put it in the menu, and forget it.

Other Menu Commands— Most of the other com-
mands are straightforward; their only trick is using the
pointer file. The commands B:2, L:2, and H:5 jump to
the second, fourth, and fifth sub-menus. The "Z" com-
mand shows how easy it is to include prompts and get
user input. It prints the prompt "Command?" on the
screen, waits for me to enter any string of commands,
and then passes those to ZCPR3 for execution.

More Menus— I can also jump to entirely different
functions, such as communications or database man-
agement. Even though I have to swap disks, I still gain
because I can have the system reconfigure itself, auto-
matically loading the proper RCP, FCP, IOP, directory
names, and so forth.

Hard disk users, of course, don't have to swap disks
and can link aft their functions together, reconfiguring
their systems at every jump. What's more, with search
paths and public directories, they'll only need one copy
of most programs.

What's the word on Z?

Obviously, I've become a fan, so perhaps you should
take my remarks with a grain of salt. On the other hand,
I'm so cramped for space here that I've barely skimmed
the surface of the Z-System.

The rap on ZCPR3 and the Z-System has always
been that it's hard to install, takes up too much mem-
ory, needs a hard disk, and is only comprehensible to
the dedicated hacker.

First, bringing up ZCPR3 from scratch isn't a simple
afternoon project for most people. But Kaypro owners
have two easier options— a commercial auto-install
package from Echelon and several "canned" installa-
tions from the public domain. I'll cover all these meth-
ods next month.

Second, ZCPR3 can take a lot of memory, but it can
also take as little as IK, depending on hpw it's installed.
Even a fully -loaded Z-System leaves at least 48K free.
Most programs work fine in this space; some, like

Where to Get It

All parts of the Z-System are available directly from:

Echelon, Inc.

101 First Street

Los Altos, CA 94022

Orders: (415) 948-3820
Sample prices are as follows:

ZCPR3 Starter Kit for manual installation (ZCPR3 plus
20 utilities in COM file form and installation guide) $39

ZCPR3 Utilities Package (70+ utilities in both source
and COM file form, including extensive help files) $89

Z3-Dot-Com (auto-install version of ZCPR3 including
all help files and all utilities in COM file form) . . . $99

Z3-Dot-Com without utilities $49.95

Z-Com (same as full Z3-Dot-Com plus ZRDOS) . $1 19

ZRDOS (replacement BDOS plus 6 utilities) . . $49.50

ZRDOS Plus $59.50

Write to Echelon for a complete list of current prices.

ZCPR3 and the ZCPR3 utilities, which are copy-
righted materials, are also available from public
domain sources for non-commercial users (though
commercial products such as Z3-Dot-Com, Z-Com,
ZRDOS, and ZRDOS Plus are not). Major users' groups
often have the complete ZCPR3. If yours doesn't, you
can get it from groups that do mail order, such as the
Tampa Bay Kaypro users' Group, which you can join for
$30/year by contacting:

Steve Sanders
Data Com Network
2643 Cedarview Court
Clearwater, FL 33519

Modem users can download ZCPR3 and its utilities
from major CP/M bulletin boards. A number of such
systems are now Z-Nodes, meaning that they run
ZCPR3 and carry all its pieces online. For starters, try:

Z-Node Central (very busy) (415) 489-9005

Z-Node #3 (Massachusetts) (617) 965-7259

Z-Node #25 (California) (408) 253-1309

Z-Node #31 (Texas) (915) 821-3638

Once you make contact with one of these boards, you
should be able to find a list of current Z-Nodes. Unless
you find a system that stocks ZCPR3 within your local
calling area, you'll find that downloading all of ZCPR3
is a very expensive proposition. □

30 Profiles

CPI BUSINESS SYSTEMS

Our software saves you money before it's installed

Computer Professionals, Inc. has been developing computer applications for
business and industry for NINETEEN years, often working behind the scenes
for some of the biggest names in the industry. We have learned how to pack
a lot of power into each computer program but we know that raw power and
ability is worth little unless coupled with ease of use, good documentation and
responsive support. CPI's Business Systems are all these things and more.
They run faster, support larger capacities and cost less than any similar
systems marketed today. They have been installed by thousands of users
(since 1978) and are available from us directly or from your KAYPRO dealer
We specialize in KAYPRO systems.

We know that floppy disk users don't appreciate shuffling four or five disks in
and out per application. We know that no users like to abort in the middle of
an application to change printer pitch. We know that users don't like copy
protection and complex licensing agreements. We don't believe that any
systems with these 'features' can be considered easy to use so we left them
all out of CPI Business Systems.

Fancy packaging and expensive type set manuals add greatly to the cost of
most application packages but have little lasting value. Once your system/s
are up and running for a week or so their real worth is their day-to-day
productivity and responsiveness; the other materials gather dust. CPI Busi-
ness Systems include comprehensive manuals, sample data files, tutorial
sessions, etc.— everything you need is included. Our manuals are pre-
pared and printed on computer systems.

No system is perfect; CPI Business Systems are not exceptions. That's why
users are entitled to support when they need it and that's why CPI continues
to enhance each system regularly based on user's suggestions.

Most users need a little support when getting started so we include 45 days of
FREE support with each application. Others charge hundreds of dollars extra
Users of CPI Business Systems can extend support for a full year for less
than ten cents per day per application.

CP/M users may become MS-DOS users in the years ahead; CPI has
planned ahead for this possibility and we provide data file conversion service
to any user. CPI will, however, continue to support and enhance these fine
systems for CP/M users for years to come. Your investments today will not be
obsoleted by tomorrow's technology.

These powerful systems are described briefly below. If you don't feel confident
yet ask for our 30+ page overview or try an application demo system at half

price (demo prices apply to future system orders)

There are no extra charges for shipping, COD, etc. American
Express, Mastercard, VISA card orders welcome. We ship in
48 hours. Please tell us what format you want (II/2X/4/10/16
etc. Demo systems in KAYPRO formats only.

COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS, INC.

M S r=H 15 REGENCY HILLS DRIVE

mmytm lzJkd greenville, s.c. 29607

PersonaVCompany Checks OK Phone: (803) 268-3911

DDDD

nana
nana
nana

$80.00 GENERAL LEDGER $100 00

CP/M MS-DOS

Comprehensive system with the most wanted features. Provides accurate and
well organized financial information for your business. Check the partial fea-
ture list below. Accepts data automatically from all other CPI Business Sys-
tems for completely integrated accounting. The entire program library fits on
one 191K disk. Menu driven for ease of use but the menus won't get in your
way.

PROGRAM FUNCTIONS: Systems Initialization customizes programs for
your business and hardware. Master File Maintenance to create, modify and
report on charts of accounts; auto Make Departments function speeds setup-
lists charts in 3 formats, on 8 1 / 2 " wide forms at 10 cpi. Transaction (Journal
Entry) Maintenance to enter and change and delete and post and list (3
formats); auto increment for reference from numeric pad; auto duplication of
any field from prior entry, last 7 entries on display; source/run totals; validation
of account numbers at time of entry; true prior period adjustments; repeating
entries for depreciation, etc. Trial Balance summary reports (2), worksheets
and detail general ledgers; Full/Consolidated/Selective departmental (FCS)
processing. Financial Statements in 4 formats: current year, current and
prior year, current quarterly, cumulative quarterly; FCS selection (see above)-
run any report for any prior period; indicate # of months for the current period
even when re-running prior periods; disclaimers (two 78-char lines) for
Accountants. Budget Reporting with remaining or variance computations-
current, YTD, both; rerun prior periods; FCS processing, variable # months
on current period. Full Year Detail G/L high speed build up system; over
3,800 records on 191K disk; detail is shown on original input sequence by
account; FCS; partial year reports when disk space is limited; auto buildup for
hard disk users. End-Of-Period creates backup file automatically; updates
repeating entry date fields for new month; selects month/year end processing
automatically; updates prior year's data. Accounting Transfer inputs data
from each CPI Business System; posts; prints control reports; multiple trans-
fers from other applications allowed. Query Account - high speed displays to
CRT or individual or range-of-account displays to printer. See the Hardware
Requirements section also. All CPI systems include easy data entry and
correction via formatted screens, Back-Up, Void & End keys.

CAPACITIES: CP/M - 600 Accounts; MS-DOS - 2000 Accounts, 3-5 Digits for
Account Numbers - Up to 99 departments using 3-digit account number and
2-digit department number. Each K of disk can hold 8 records (i e 300+
accounts and 1200+ transactions on a 191K disk)

$80.00 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE $10000

p P/M MS-DOS

Improve your cash management with this fine system. You'll get the up to
date accurate picture of accounts to be paid, cash requirements for the data
on file. Payments and notes vouchered automatically insuring timely pay-
ments. Complete check writing included. The system reports include Vendor
File Lists, Open Vouchers, Ageing By Due Date, Discount Date Ageing, Cash
Requirements, Check Registers, G/L Transaction List, Query Vendor Status
Credit Vouchers, Deleted Vouchers.

CAPACITIES of 600 Vendors, (CP/M), 2000 Vendors (MS-DOS) - no limit on
transactions.

$80.00 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE $10000

MS-DOS
Super system with Invoices, Service Invoices, Statements, etc. A full ranqe of
reporting abilities include Customer Reports, Ageing Reports, Transactions
Reports, G/L Transaction List, etc. Auto billing feature eliminates mistakes
Sales can be distributed to 100 accounts. Build up statement option combines
he virtues of ledger card history detail and the speeds of today's computers

H» e r,P!?^!? d forms and/or P lain P a P er for invoices and statements
CAPACITIES of 600 Customers (CP/M) 2000 (MS-DOS) - no limit on transac-
tions, multiple customer disks OK

$8000 PAYROLL $100.00

V H/M , MS-DOS

A complete payroll system supplied with current tax routines for every state
Functions include Employee File Maintenance; Employee Lists in multiple
tevels of detail; Input Worksheets; Time Card Entry; Regular, Overtime Other
Commissions, Tips, Misc. Pay, Exceptions Processing so you only enter
variable data; Weekly, Bi-Weekly, Semi-Monthly, Monthly pay cycles (run
individually/combined); Departmental Payrolls; Checks; Check Registers-
Earnings Reports; 941s; W-2s; Unemployment Reports; Multi-State; Manual
Checks; G/L Transactions. Federal, FICA, State and Local Taxes, Federal/
State Add-Ons, FICA, FUTA, SUI, SDI, EIC, 4 other deductions
CAPACITIES - 600/2000 emp. (CPM/MSDOS), 98 Tax File Reds

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

CP/M: 64K (53K TPA) & CP/M 2.0 or higher
MS-DOS: 128K (or more) & MS-DOS/PC-DOS 2.0 or higher - ANSI SYS
Printer: 132 columns (compressed pitch supported), continuous forms
Disk/s: Dual Floppies/Hard Disk/Both - 1 91 K recommended, less works
CRT: 80/24 with Clear, Home, Clear to EOL, Up, Down, Left Right

CURRENT
UPDATE:

2££~ S2S ^ DGER SYSTEM WAS REV,EWED IN THE NOVEMBER 1985 ISSUE OF PROFILES (STARTS ON PAGE 49) HERE ARE
SOME OF THE BETTER QUOTES FROM PAGE 50, BUT BE SURE TO READ THE WHOLE REVIEW. "THIS TOP LEVtt PACKAGE RATES AS ONE
OF THE BEST PROGRAMS WE REVIEWED. . . COMPARES FAVORABLY TO PACKAGES COSTING HUNMEWOTDOuSS iJoH

n«L U c, ES D £ FFERED BY ™ E C PL SYSTEM *** IT M"** POWERFUL ™> ™5lT5e DoSSwKS B*cSSt
USER SUPPORT PROGRAM INDICATES A HIGHER THAN AVERAGE INTEREST IN USER SATISFACTION " tXCELLENT

VRE I

>NE I

'«-»

"MAKE YOUR IBM-PC
KAYPRO COMPATIBLE"

Intersecting Concepts Announces
3 Solutions To Solve Your
Computer Incompatibility

But will it work on my computer? Yes!
Finally, there are three easy ways to
exchange information, transfer files, and run
CP/M software on MS-DOS machines.

1. MEDIA MASTER is our
direct disk-to-disk format
conversion program. Already an
accepted industry standard, this
$39.95 program uses simple
screen prompts that lets you

read, write and format up to 70 different W*"
diskettes from CP/M, MS-DOS and PC-DOS
operating systems. So if you work on a IBM
PCompatible at the office, but use a CP/M computer
at home, now you can easily transfer files that would
otherwise be "foreign" to your computer's operating
system.

2. MEDIA MASTER PLUS

goes one step further by
converting 8-bit CP/M software
to run on 16-bit MS-DOS and
PC-DOS machines. This newly
released $59.95 product
combines our IBM-PC version of Media Master with
ZP/EM, a powerful new emulation program. The
results are amazing: CP/M programs using 8080
instructions and data can be transfered from popular
computers like Osborne, Kaypro and Zenith to run on
MS-DOS and PC-DOS machines!

3. ACCELER-8/16 is also new
and dramatically improves the
performance of Media Master
Plus by tailoring the CP/M
emulation around a NEC V20
microchip. This chip simply

replaces the 8088 processor in your MS-DOS
computer. Once installed, it'll run your CP/M and
MS-DOS software much faster. (Speed improvements
are roughly 15% faster in MS-DOS and 350% faster
in CP/M!) With ACCELER-8/16 your MS-DOS
computer is now CP/M compatible for only $99.95!
All three solutions save you money by eliminating
expensive modems and communications software.

To Order

To order Media Master, Media Master Plus, or
Acceler-8/16, call 800-824-7888, and ask for operator
251. For additional product and upgrade information
contact:

concira

VISA

IS©

Intersecting Concepts, Inc.,

4573 Heatherglen Ct., Moorpark, CA 93021

or call 805-529-5073.

Z-SYSTEM

WordStar and dBASE II, work in even less.

But a few programs need lots of memory and may not
have enough room on a fully-loaded Z-System— very
large MBASIC programs, for example. If you run into
this, you'll have to relegate those programs to disks
running a reduced Z-System or even standard CP/M.

ZCPR3 can take a

lot of memory, but it

can also take as

little as IK. . .

Third, I once thought that I needed a hard disk to
make use of the Z-System. And in truth, it does run
better on a hard disk— because everything runs better
on a hard disk, including standard CP/M. But I now
happily run a full-bore Z-System on an ordinary two-
floppy Kaypro with 390K per drive. A few Z-System
features aren't practical without a hard disk, but plenty

are.

Fourth, the Z-System requires learning. But learn-
ing to use aliases and menus and flow commands is
much less difficult than learning to use WordStar or
dBASE II. And you don't need to use all its features at
once; you can start small and work up.

The weak point is documentation. Not that you don't
get enough— you get reams of it. But it's heavy reading
(though good reference), and it's short on tutorials and
examples to help a typical computer user do productive
things. This lack can make the learning process slower
than it need be.

What you gain is performance. What's performance?
Call it the work you get out of your computer divided by
the work you put into it. You gain performance from
being able to connect old programs in new ways. You
gain it from long command lines delivered at high
speed, without mistakes. You gain it from being able to
quickly reconfigure your system to meet an unex-
pected task. And more.

In short, the Z-System does for your whole system
what a key definition program like XtraKey does for a
single program. It makes many things easier and
makes other things possible that weren't possible
before. It may take you a little time to ease into it, but
once you do, you'll never go back. □

Ted Silveira is a freelance writer and editor and has
taught writing at San Francisco State University. He
also works as a consultantfor novice CP/M users and
is the software librarian of a very active CP/M users'
group in California.

32 Profiles

MICRO CORNUCOPIA

Carefully Selected Software for CP/M & MS-DOS

KayPro Disk Kl

Modem software
KayPro Disk K2

Utilities
KayPro Disk K3

Games
KayPro Disk K4

Adventure
KayPro Disk K5

MX-80 Graphics
KayPro Disk K6

Word Processing Utilities
KayPro Disk K7

Small C Version 2 Compiler
KayPro Disk K8

Small C Version 2 Source
KayPro Disk K9

ZCPR
KayPro Disk K10

Assemblers
KayPro Disk K1I

Library 8: Checkbook
KayPro Disk K12

FORTH
KayPro Disk K13

Source ol fig-FORTH
KayPro Disk K14

Smartmodem Program
KayPro Disk K15

Hard Disk Utilities
KayPro Disk K16

Pascal Compiler
KayPro Disk KI7

Z80 Tools
KayPro Disk K18

System Diagnosis

PRICELESS

MS-DOS

KayPro Disk K19

Prowriter Graphics
KayPro Disk K20

Color Graphics Routines
KayPro Disk K21

Screen Dump

KayPro Disk K22

ZCPR (Again)

KayPro Disk K23

Fast Terminal & New BYE
KayPro Disk K24

MBASIC Games & Kev Translator
KayPro Disk K25

Z80 Macro Assembler
KayPro Disk K26

EPROM Prog & Char Editor
KayPro Disk K27
Typing Tutor
KayPro Disk K28

Modem 730
KayPro Disk K29

Turbo Pascal Games 1
KayPro Disk K30

Turbo Pascal Games II
KayPro Disk K31

Turbo Bulletin Board
KayPro Disk K32

Forth-83 Much Fancier Forth
KayPro Disk K33

A super utilities disk
KayPro Disk K34

Five games {mostly Turbo)
KayPro Disk K35

Small C Compiler Source
KayPro Disk K36
Small C Library

lines

MS-DOS Disk MSI

Essential Utilities
MS-DOS Disk MS2

Assembler, Disassembler
MS-DOS Disk MS3

Adventure
MS-DOS Disk MS4

RBBS, Single-user
MS-DOS Disk MS5

File and directory tit
MS-DOS Disk MS6

Fig-FORTH
MS-DOS Disk MS7

Fig-FORTH Source
MS-DOS Disk MS8

Super Games
MS-DOS Disk MS9

Musician/Games/Calculator
MS-DOS Disk MS10

Modems, Qmodems and Kermit
MS-DOS Disk MS11

Multi-User RBBS 12.3
MS-DOS Disk MS12

RBBS 12.3 Source
MS-DOS Disk MS13

Editor and Formatter
MS-DOS Disk MS14
FORTH

Disks

MS-DOS Disks (5") .
CP M 80 Disks (5") .
CP. M 86 Disks (8") .

..J12
..512
..$12

Information for the Technically Curious

MICRO CORNUCOPIA

Order No. (503)382-5060
M-F 9:00-5.00 PST

Are you an advanced user? Do you already know how to use a word
processor, a spreadsheet, and a keyboard translator? Are you ready for
more? Want to know what's happening down in your computer's engine
room?

Then .you're ready for Micro Cornucopia. We cover the Z80 KayPro like
no one else, but we don't stop there because we're interested in how all the
newest, fanciest, zingiest, systems work, deep down inside.

You'll find out about operating systems: Which are good, which aren't,
and how to use them from the keyboard or from a program.

Join us for in-depth looks at the latest processors. If you decide to move on
to another system, you'll understand it from the inside.

Participate in software competitions, Create analog to digital interfaces,
write MSDOS device drivers, build XT clones (for under $800), and learn
Pascal or C: all in Micro C.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES

1 yr. (6 issues)

2 yr. (12 issues) .

3 yr. (18 issues)

1 yr. (Canada & Mexico)

1 yr. (other foreign)
Back Issue

$16.00
$30.00
$42.00
$22.00
$30.00
. $3.00

David Thompson
Editor & Publisher

Quantity

Description

Subscription (1 year-6 issues)
(See subscription rates above)

CP/M 80 Disks

MS-DOS Disks

Micro C Product Catalog

Price

$12

FREE

MICRO CORNUCOPIA

P.O. Box 223 Bend, OR 97709

)

Total

TOTAL

Prices include Postage

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Are you a subscriber to Micro C?DYesDNo. □
Signature ■

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(MasterCard)

December 33

by Brock N. Meeks

Finding gifts for your computer-owning friends
and associates can easily lead to confusion and
empty pockets. A swift look at any computer
magazine will turn up a dizzying array of products for
computer users, many at prices that would reduce your
Christmas Club account to the size of your three-year-
old's life savings.

For a selection of moderately priced gifts almost any
computerphile would find useful, scan the following
list of last-minute suggestions.

Refer to the summary at the end of the article for
addresses, phone numbers and prices.

Shocking idea

Imagine it's Christmas Eve and the final phase of gift
checkout is going on. All the electronic toys are scream-
ing for electrical outlets, and household outlets soon
take on the appearance of electrical mutants when
adapters of all shapes and sizes are used to create

34 Profiles

multiple outlets. Consider easing the crunch with a
multiple-outlet power strip.

You can go one better and buy a power strip like the
Safe-Strip that has a built-in surge protector. Surge
protectors keep your electronic equipment safe from
voltage spikes and surges— which can be the greatest
threat to your computer outside a child determined to
boot a peanut butter and j elly sandwich in your A drive.

The paper myth

If computers are supposed to eliminate paperwork, I
have yet to see it happen. If anything, computers
generate more paper than ever before. Two kinds of
paper make excellent gifts.

An average printer can feed on a 3,000-sheet box of
"draft" paper for at least four months. Couple that
draft-grade paper with a ream of 20-lb. bond Micro-Perf
paper (a computer paper that leaves a virtually smooth
edge when the margins are removed and looks like cut-
sheet stationary) and you can cover any printing job
from program listings to funding proposals.

An ounce of maintenance

Although Kaypros are known as the Volkswagens of the
computer industry, you shouldn't run your Kaypro for
more than 12 months without a tune-up and some
preventive maintenance.

For general all-around care and feeding of your
computer, a Computer Care Kit is available. This kit
contains all the elements you will need for normal, non-
technical maintenance. The kit contains anti-static

printer plowing through thousands of printouts each
year. The kit contains a non-woven fabric that is
installed in place of the printer ribbon. A special clean-
ing solution is applied to the fabric, and as fast as you
can run a printout the printhead emerges spotless.

Cheatsheets

Few things in life are more tedious than the ritual-like
process of tracking down an obscure command in a
documentation manual.

A locked disk holder

can be a silent sentry

for your disk file.

A printhead cleaning

kit will keep that

workhorse printer

plowing on.

spray that keeps the work area static free; a dry-process
head cleaning diskette for single- or double-sided
drives; CRT cleaner that cleans your screen of dust and
fingerprints; cleaning cloths that are lint free and don't
leave any residue when used with the CRT cleaner; and
swabs for those delicate cleaning operations and hard-
to-reach spots.

Since you can't send your disk drives to an aerobics
class, keep them in shape with a disk drive diagnostic
program. This type of program tests your drives in
various ways and alerts you to a problem before it really
happens. A program from Micro Cornucopia called
Systems Diagnostics fits nicely into a stocking-stuffer
budget. This program will also check out your Kaypro's
memory.

Next to the disk drives, a printer probably takes more
abuse than any other part of your computer set-up. A
Print Head Cleaning Kit will keep that workhorse

If you have friends struggling through the arcane
commands of a program like WordStar, get them a
Kleertex template. These templates fit over the Kaypro
keyboard and provide "commands at a glance."
Kleertex templates are available for most popular pro-
grams (such as WordStar/MailMerge, dBASE II, and
Perfect Writer/Filer/Calc).

For MS-DOS owners, PC-DocuMate offers the same
type of product designed for an IBM PC or PC-compati-
ble keyboard. Both PC-DocuMate and Kleertex also sell
blanks for making up your own templates (here's a
chance to to add that personal touch: create a cheat-
sheet template for a friend).

Disk administration

Anyone who owns a computer for more than two weeks
soon realizes that a good disk organization strategy is
vital to personal mental health. One way to keep a
handle on those multiplying disks is to store them by
categories such as database programs, spreadsheet
templates, and accounting files. Store these cate-
gorized disks in colored disk holders and the job
becomes that much easier. The Flip 'N' File/10— Spec-
trum Series comes as a set of five disk holders, each one
a different color (red, orange, yellow, green and blue).
Whether you decide to organize your disk file or not
is matter of personal choice, but everyone should be
concerned about disk security. Disks can be stolen,
borrowed and not replaced, or borrowed and abused—
usually without your knowledge. Nothing is more frus-
trating than searching for a disk that you "know is
right here, somewhere." A locked disk holder can be a
silent sentry for your disk file. The Data Defender holds
up to 70 disks and provides a lockable storage area for
your disks.

Toe stutters

Here are some items to stuff in the toe of that Christmas
stocking:

(continued on page 46)

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DATESTAMPER

. . . has the answers

Has the mailing list been updated?
When did we print that letter?
Which is the latest version?

Use it to keep your KAYPRO® up-to-date!

• avoid erasing the wrong file • keep dated tax records of computer use

• back-up files by date and time • simplify disk housekeeping chores
OPERATION: DateStamper extends CP/M 2.2 to automatically record date and time a file is created read or modified.
DateStamper reads the exact time from the real-time clock, if you have one; otherwise, it records the order in which you
use files. Disks initialized for datestamping are fully compatible with standard CP/M

REQUIREMENTS: Real-time clock is optional. Configurable for any real-time clock, with pre-assembled code supplied
for popular models, including 4-84, Advent, Kenmore and Legacy.

UTILITIES: Enhanced SuperDirectory. • Powerful, all-function DATSWEEP file-management program with date and
time tagging. • Disk-initializer. • Installation and configuration utilities.
General CP/M 2.2 version $49 Version using CP/M 2.2 Enhancements $39

Other Kaypro® Products

The Backgrounder™ $45

All keys fully definable in any program. Suspend
any program to print the screen or send it to a file,
write background notes, and use built-in CP/M
commands. Now comes with Print Spooler.
(Requires CP/M 2.2 Enhancements)

Plu*Perfect Writer $39

Indispensable enhancements for the Perfect Writer
Editor (versions 1.03 and 1.20). One touch com-
mands, set swap file size, change disks while
editing, etc. Includes CP/M 2.2 Enhancements.

$32

CP/M 2.2 Enhancements

For any version of CP/M 2.2. Completely
compatible with all applications software. Now
includes configurable WordStar function keys.
• We now also carry Advent hardware products

that complement our software. Package prices

available.

Shipping and handling $3. California residents add
6% sales tax. Deduct $5 when ordering two or
more disks. Visa and MasterCard accepted.

Trademarks: CP/M (Digital Research); Perfect Writer (Perfect Software);
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36 Profiles

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Simple Business
Forecasting

This spreadsheet can help predict the future

by Jacob De Rooy

Professional forecasters often fear that "he who
lives by the crystal ball will soon learn to eat
broken glass." But forecasting really isn't as diffi-
cult or risky as this statement implies. There are many
sophisticated and practical methods available that can
produce reliable forecasts, and the good news is that
you don't need a degree in statistics to understand
them or a mainframe to use them. With your Kaypro
and a spreadsheet program, these forecasting methods
are available to you.

Who is likely to use forecasting methods? The
answer is just about anyone in business. For example,
managers often are responsible for financial planning,
inventory control, production scheduling, or perfor-
mance evaluation, and all of these activities require
some type of forecasting.

In this article I want to show you one forecasting
method that will get you started: trend (or growth)
lines. I selected this method because it is widely used
and is appropriate for many types of business data. In
addition, other useful forecasting methods can be used
by making modifications to the same spreadsheet.

Trend line forecasting

Many types of business and economic data display a
long-term trend or growth pattern. The trend is the
easiest pattern to understand, and it is the simplest
means of forecasting. A trend exists when a variable,
such as annual sales or production, tends to grow or to
decline at a fairly uniform rate. Once you find this rate
of growth or decline, you can use it to produce forecasts.

Let's assume we are trying to forecast production of
corn on a farm. This uniform rate is part of a forecast-
ing formula that can be expressed by the simple equa-
tion: production = base + (rate x time).

This equation states that production grows at an
annual average amount called "rate." "Base" is an
estimate of the amount of corn grown in a particular
past year. Using this formula, we can get a forecast of
production for any future year by knowing how many
years there are between the base year and the year for
which we want a forecast. A spreadsheet is used to find
the base and rate and to compute forecasts.

An example is given in Table 1 (page 42). Let's say
that Happy Valley Farm and Country Market (an imagi-
nary business created for the purposes of this article)

38 Profiles

grows corn, among other items, and sells it at a large
roadside market. (In deference to Kaypro loyalists, the
market does not sell apples!) The table shows the
annual corn crop for the years 1973 to 1985. Let's pick
1972 as the base year, even though we do not know—
and don't have to know— the production during that
year. (It's convenient to pick the base year as the year
immediately preceding the year for which you have the
earliest data.)

Looking at the bottom of the table, we can see that
the base year production was estimated to be 1,235.5
bushels, and that since then production has increased,
on average, at the rate of 190.9 bushels each year. If we
can assume this growth will continue for the next four
years, the forecast for 1986, which will be 14years after
the base year, is 3,908 bushels. This is found from the
forecasting equation as: 3,908= 1, 235. 5 + (190.9x 14).

Similarly, we can find the forecast for 1987 , which is
15 years past the base year, and for the other years.
These forecasts are shown in Table 1 .

Setting up the trend line spreadsheet

Table 1 was produced using the Perfect Calc program
that came with my '83 series Kaypro II. Here are the
directions for setting up the Perfect Calc spreadsheet.
(Actually, most of the spreadsheet programs on the
market today are very similar in operation, so Kaypro
owners with SuperCalc or CalcStar should be able to
follow the directions below with minor modifications.)
Details of labeling and spreadsheet design (column
widths, decimal places, etc.) are best left to the manual
that came with your spreadsheet program (for exam-
ple, chapter IX of the Perfect Calc User's Guide). What
follows are details of the formulas and spreadsheet
logic, column by column and row by row.

Step 1. Begin with column "a," labeled Crop Year.
Enter 1973 in position alO. To complete the column,
write this simple formula in position all:all=alO+l.
Then use Perfect Calc's automatic "replication" feature
to fill positions al2 through a26 with the following:
al2=all+l,al3=al2+l, ... a26=a25+l.

Such replicating is done in the following way: Put
your spreadsheet into "manual" recalculation mode.
Place the cursor in position all, write the formula as
shown above, then save it by typing AW. Then set a
boundary mark by hitting the escape key followed by

the space bar. Finally, move the cursor to position a26
and hit the escape key followed by Y. Answer the
prompt, "Relative?" by typing Y, and presto: the suc-
cessive positions will fill with the formulas automati-
cally incremented by Perfect Calc. (For detail on
replicating formulas see the 1983 Perfect Calc User's
Guide, pages 117-118.)

Step 2. Now move the cursor to position blO. Enter
the value 1.00 and move to position bll. Repeat the
replication procedure of Step 1 by writing and replicat-
ing the formula =blO+l in the entire column to posi-
tion b26. This fills positions bll through b26 with
bll=blO+l. bl2=bll+l, ... b26=b25+l. and
thereby creates a "time variable" showing the passage
of time from the base year to the year of forecast.

Step 3. Manually enter the crop data up to the
current year using column "c." In our example, this
data occupies positions clO to c22. This is the histor-
ical data you are using to find the growth rate. (Inciden-
tally, I suggest you format this column to include one
decimal place, even though it is not needed for the crop
data. Later we will have to display a number in this
column that should have one decimal place.)

Step4. Movethecursortopositionc28andenterthis
formula to count the number of data points or years for

ILLUSTRATION BY TOM VOSS

which you have information: =count(cl0:c26).

Step 5. Columns "d" and "e" contain intermediate
steps in the calculation of the base and rate figures. To
construct column "d," write this in position dlO-
=blO*blO.

Now replicate this formula so that dll=bll*bll,
dl2=bl2*bl2, . . . d22=b22*b22. This column now
contains the squares of the time variable.

Step 6. Now create column "e" by writing this for-
mula in position elO: =blO*clO.

Replicate this formula down to position e22, just like
you did in Step 6.

Step 7. The next step is to find the means (averages)
of the time and production variables. Move your cursor
to position b29 and use Perfect Calc's "averages" func-
tion by entering =avg(bl0:b22). This will give you the
mean of the time values in column "b."

Step 8. Now that you've found a mean value for the
time variable, repeat this operation to find the mean of
the crop variable. That is, move the cursor to position
c29 and enter: =avg(cl0:c22).

These averages are used in the calculation of the rate
and base values.

S tep 9. You're more than halfway home, but this next
step requires the most care. You must enter a lengthy

December 39

In support of this month's editorial theme, Advent is offering the following specials:

Electronic RAM Disk: High speed internal RAM Disk for all Kaypro models.
Expandable to 1Mb in 256K increments, then add the 1Mb expansion board for
a full 2MB RAM Disk. This RAM Disk delivers more performance than the
competition. Add hard disks or Real Time Clock later and save.

512K RAM Disk *«**(§ ■ ■ • • *399.95

5 MHz TurboBoard: Our tried and true 5 MHz speed enhancement for the

earlier Kaypro models. ,

5 MHz TurboBoard for Kaypro II & 4 $74^5 $64.95

Chocholate Diskette: the ideal gift for all computer owners who love
chocolate! This diskette is 4.8 ounces of delicious milk chocolate in the shape of
a5 1/4" diskette. It comes in area! vinyl case that will hold 3 real diskettes.

Chocolate Diskette * 995

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your mind with a story that never stops changing, and whose plot turns and
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SERVICES

File Transfer Service: Advent provides a service beyond the ability of any format
conversion software! We can transfer files between MS-DOS/PC-DOS, CP/M and
other operating systems in 300 different 3 1/2", 5 1/4" and 8" formats. Includes Apple,
Apricot, Data General One, Kaypro 2000, Eagle, Epson, HP-150, and North Star
computers. .

Format conversion service Call for information and pricing

HARDWARE & ACCESSORIES

External Monitor Adaptor: The External Monitor Adaptor (EMA) allows your
Kaypro to drive an external video monitor. Original characters and video display
remain unchanged. The Kaypro monitor remains operative. Simple plug-in
installation.

EMA Kaypro II or 4 V* „'„!

Taxan 115 Monitor (12" Green) $149.95

Taxan 116 Monitor (12" Amber) $159.95

EMA Kaypro 2'84, 2X, 4'84, 10'84 $74.95

EMA Kaypro 10'83 ■ $82 „

12" Green Monitor* $159.95

12" Amber Monitor* $169.95

♦Specially modified monitors must be used with all Kaypros except the original model

II and 4.

Clock/Calendar: Real time clock/calendar for all Kaypro computers without built-in

clocks. Works with Plu'Perfect DateStamper or your own application software.

Source code drivers provided for use with MBASIC, SBASIC, dBASE II, Turbo

Pascal, C, and assembly languages. The Clock/Calendar also functions as a host

adapter to our RAM Disk and hard disk add-on products. Add these other products

later and save money.

Clock/Calendar Interface • $99.95

TurboROM: A ROM enhancement for all 8-bit Kaypro computers. Faster disk
read/write, keyboard type-ahead, faster video display for newer Kaypros, and larger
TPA (63K) for the Kaypro 10. The TurboROM supports up to four 48TPI (392K) or
quad density 96TPI (790K) floppies all with 255 directory entries. Built-in drivers
support up to 2Mb of RAM Disk and up to 1 12Mb of Hard Disk. Many more features.
Specify Kaypro model when ordering.

TurboROM * 79 - 95

Electronic RAM Disk: High speed internal RAM Disk for all Kaypro models.
Expandable to 1Mb in 256K increments, then add the 1Mb expansion board for a full
2Mb RAM Disk. This RAM Disk delivers more performance than the competition. Add
hard disks or Real Time Clock later and save.

Speed Comparison at 4 MHz -Times measured in seconds.
Function Floppy Microsphere SWP Advent

Load "Ladder.com" 8.89 2.21 1.82 .80

Write 64K file 55.65 3.25 2.93 1.52

256K RAM Disk $399.95

512K RAM Disk $5j)*95 $459.95

768K RAM Disk $5$fcS5 $519.95

1Mb RAM Disk $68^95 .... $579.95

1Mb Expansion Board (256K installed) $35>95 $332.50

256K Expansion Memory kit $1J5<et> $39.95

Hard Disk Add-in (Kaypro 10): Add an additional 10 or 20Mb drive inside your
Kaypro 10, or install a single 32 to 56Mb drive. Package includes hard disk, all cables
and mounting hardware. TurboROM included. Can be expanded to include RAM
Disk and Real Time Clock.
10 to 56Mb Hard Disk Kit Prices start at $689.95

Hard Disk Add-in: Add an internal 10 to 56Mb hard disk to any floppy disk based
Kaypro computer. Includes hard disk, disk controller, all cables and mounting
hardware. TurboROM included.

10Mb System $1075.95

20Mb System $1506.95

32Mb System $1639.95

External Hard Disk Add-on: Add an external enclosure with 10 to 112Mb of hard
disk and up to 2Mb of RAM disk to your CP/M Kaypro. Mix and match to meet your
requirements. Can be expanded to include RAM disk and Real Time Clock.
External Hard Disk Add-on Prices start at $1436.95

SOFTWARE UTILITIES

Autodiff: File difference detector. This program finds insertions, deletions, and
changes between any two files. Autodiff can mark the file, display, or print the
differences, and morel

Autodiff (CP/M) ■ ■ -* 29 - 95

CP/M DateStamper: Automatically stamp your files with the date it is created, last
read, or modified. Works without a Real Time Clock, or with the clock in the newer
Kaypros or with the Advent Clock/Calendar. Utilities are included to allow copying,
erasing, or renaming files based on time and date. A time logging utility is included to
record computer usage for business/tax purposes.

DateStamper (CP/M) $49-0°

Format Conversion Software: Your Kaypro can read and write many popular
disk formats including MS-DOS, PC-DOS & TRSDOS.

Uniform: up to 80 formats $69.95

Media Master: up to 75 formats $39.95

Media Master Plus: Read & write up to 75 formats. Includes ZP/EM program
which allows CP/M programs to run on your MS-DOS computer. An $80 value.

Media Master Plus (MS-DOS) $59.95

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FORECASTING

Crop
Year

1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1970
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

data =
MEANS
RATE:
BASE:

Year

Number

[T]

TABLE 1. TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF CORN PRODUCTION

(Production of Corn in Bushels)
HAPPY VALLEY FARM AND COUNTRY MARKET

Crop

(bu.)

[P]

1483.0
1506.0
1913.0
1934.0
2064.0
2566.0
2655.0
2830.0
2687.0
2971.0
3514.0
3702.0
3605.0

13.0

2571.5

190.9

1235.5

[T'T]

100

121

144

169

[P'T]

1483

3012

5739

7736

10320

15396

18585

22640

24183

29710

38654

44424

46865

Forecast =

Forecast

1,426
1,617
1,808
1,999
2,190
2,381
2,572
2,762
2,953
3,144
3,335
3,526
3,717
3,908
4,098
4,289
4,480

Forecast

Error

(S)

(111)

105

(65)

(126)

185

(266)

(173)

179

176

(112)

Absolute

Percent

Error

4
7
5
3
6
7
3
2
10
6
5
5
3

MAPE =

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42 Profiles

formula to find the rate value in the forecasting for-
mula. Move your cursor to position c30 and enter

=(sum(el0:e22)-c28*b29*c29)/(sum(dl0:d22)-
c28*b29*b29).

When you press <CR> to enter this formula your
Kaypro will chug away for several seconds and then
display the rate value. Remember that this number is
the average annual change in Happy Valley's corn
production— the slope coefficient youd need if you
wanted to plot the trend line.

I strongly recommend that you start constructing
your forecasting spreadsheet by entering Happy Val-
ley's crop data exactly as shown in Table 1. Then you
can be confident that you did your work correctly if the
rate value comes up as 190.9 on your screen.

Step 10. To complete the forecasting formula, you
will need the base value (the Y-intercept you'd need for
plotting the trend line). Move the cursor to position c31
and enter =c29-(c30*b29). If you used the Happy
Valley data and got 1,235.5, pat yourself on the back.
You now have your forecasting formula.

Generating forecasts

Note that rows 10 to 22 help us calculate the rate and
base while rows 23 to 26 are used for the forecasts. Let's
use the forecasting formula that appeared earlier to
compute that rate and base.

Step 1 1 . Go to position f 10 and enter the equation
=blO*(c30+c31).

Replicate this formula all the way down to position
f26. As you enter this formula in the last position,
watch your screen as the forecasts appear.

"Back forecasts "for
past years are useful

for evaluating the
forecasting method.

In the case of the Happy Valley data, you generated
forecasts for 1986 through 1989 using data that was
complete through 1985. Notice that you also generated
several "forecasts" for past years, even though your real
interest is the future. The forecasts for 1973-1985 are
called "back forecasts" and are useful for evaluating
the forecasting method, as explained below.

How good are your forecasts?

The real test of this or any other forecasting method is
how well it predicts the future. The accuracy of your
forecasts depends on both the method used and on your
data. If your data has a significant and consistent trend
then the Trend Line method should do a good job. If
your data does not display a linear trend, is very
cyclical, or has a lot of randomness, then this method
would not do a good job. To evaluate the method we
calculate and analyze the "forecast error."

Step 12. Move the cursor to position glO and enter
=cl0-f 10. This calculates the "forecast error," which is

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December 43

FORECASTING

the difference between the actual values and the fore-
casted values in the years for which we have data.

Replicate this formula down to position g22 so that
you have gll=cll-fll, gl2=cl2-fl2, ... g22=c22-
f22. These are errors for the back forecasts. If these
errors are large then we could conclude that the
method did not perform well in the past and, therefore,
is not likely to perform well in the future. If the forecast
errors are small, then this method is likely to work well
for you.

A good way of evaluating these errors is to express
them as absolute percentages. Then find the average
size of these percentages. This mean absolute percent-
age error (or MAPE for short) is a handy single figure
that you can use to quickly "size up" the method. It can
also be used to compare methods. If the MAPE is small
the method is good. Steps 13 and 14 show you how to
compute this helpful statistic.

Step 1 3. In position h 10 write the following formula:
= 100*abs(cl0-fl0)/cl0.

Notice that I used Perfect Calc's built-in function for
finding absolute values. Replicate this formula down to
position h22 (with hll=100*abs(cll-fll), hl2=100
*abs(cl2-fl2) and so on).

Step 1 4. Finally, get the MAPE by moving to position
h32 and entering: =avg(hl0:h22).

In the Happy Valley example the MAPE is a modest 5
percent. That means that the back forecasts differed
from the actual crop yields by about 5 percent. This is a
rough indicator of how well the forecasting method will
perform in the future. For example, the 1986 forecasted
corn crop of 3,908 bushels will probably be within
approximately 5 percent (above or below) of the actual
1986 crop. Remember that the 5 percent figure is an
average. The actual forecast error could be more or less
than 5 percent.

But a word of caution is in order. The further into the
future your forecasts go, the greater the forecast error is
likely to be. For example, the 1989 forecast is likely to
be less accurate than the 1986 forecast.

With this step the spreadsheet table is complete. You
can now use it for your own forecasting needs. Just
replace items in columns "a" and "c" with your data
and recompute the table. You can insert or delete rows
as needed. If you enlarge the table by inserting rows for
jobs that use more data than this example used, be sure
all formulas are replicated in the new rows. I suggest
you insert or delete rows between rows 1 1 and 21. □

Jacob De Rooy is an economist on the faculty of The
Pennsylvania State University, where he teaches a
graduate course in business forecasting.

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44 Profiles

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STOCKING STUFFERS

(continued from page 35)

• New character ROMS— for old Kaypro 2 owners. From
Micro Cornucopia.

• Turbo Bulletin Board— for the modem owner who
wants to live life in the fast lane. Complete BBS in a
compiled package. You don't need Turbo Pascal to run
the program. Also from Micro Cornucopia.

• Miniature LCD clock— you've seen these at super-
market checkout stands, hanging right above the
National Enquirer. These little clocks are small
enough to stick right on your computer.

• Diskette mailers— for sending those customized pub-
lic domain disks to long-distance friends. Most office
supply stores carry these now.

• Notebook and assorted felt-tipped pens— the pens are
handy for taking notes when at the keyboard or for
writing on disk labels. After a week the pens will
probably fall victim to the "pen gremlin" (a cousin of
the disk jacket gremlin) and the notebook turned into a
resting place for a coffee mug— but it's the thought that
counts, eh? '-'

Quick Reference Summary

Safe-Strip Surge Protector

Curtis Manufacturing, Inc.
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Micro-Perf

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Nebs Computer Forms
12 South St.
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Computer Care Kit

#6560

UARCO Computer Supplies
121 North Ninth St.
DeKalb, IL 60115
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Systems Diagnosis Disk

DiskK18
Micro Cornucopia
P.O. Box 223
Bend, OR 97709
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Print Head Cleaning Kit

#9459

Nebs Computer Forms
12 South St.
Townsend, MA 01469
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Kleertex Templates

Creative Computer Products
6360-K9 Nancy Ridge Dr.
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PC-DocuMate

Systems Management Associates
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3700 Computer Dr.
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Flip 'N' File/10
Spectrum Series

Innovative Concepts, Inc.
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Data Defender

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Character ROMs

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Turbo Bulletin Board

DiskK31
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LATELY

I'VE BEEN

FbR&ETTlUG
THINGS

46 Profiles

Some Historic Breakthroughs
Dont Take As Much Explaining

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*$&^

Key Definition Programs

Make everything fall in line with a keystroke or two

by Glenn Grant

Editor's note: Software in general and KDPs in par-
ticular are constantly being revised by their cre-
ators. Before purchasing any program it is recom-
mended thatyoucall the manufacturer for details on
their latest version, including the version's number,
date of last revision, and any specifics about what
makes the latest version different from previous
ones. The versions of the programs reviewed below
are not necessarily the latest, so call before you buy.

Why type "Saskatchewan" when typing "\s"
gets you the same thing? Why enter the
dBASE II commands DISPLAY STRUCTURE
[RETURN], COPY STRUCTURE TO MYFILE.ABC, and
APPEND FROM [MYFILE.XYZ] FOR [condition] if
entering !, *, and # could do it just as well?

Why type arar each time you need to insert two
boilerplate WordStar files, then answer the "Name of
file to read?" prompt with THISFILE or THATFILE and
then hit [RETURN], when you can merely touch \T or
\t and watch the desired paragraph appear at the
cursor position?

Why indeed, when there's a relatively inexpensive
breed of software out there that can make your valu-
able time at the keyboard faster and more productive.
They're called keyboard definition programs (KDPs).
KDPs act sort of like those telephones that automati-
cally dial pre-stored numbers at the touch of a button.
Hit one or two keys and a KDP gives you a word, a string
of words and numbers, paragraphs, commands or
programming instructions in any combination or
sequence you desire.

You've seen KDPs advertised in PROFILES and other
computer magazines. You might have been attracted
by their promises of keyboard speed and efficiency.
Take it from someone who's tried them out: They do
work. They are time-savers. It's now hard for me to
imagine using my Kaypro without one.

But deciding which KDP is right for you, learning
how to use it to advantage, and integrating it into your
daily routine can be a time-consuming chore. You
wouldn't buy a car without driving it first, but unfortu-

nately, that kind of testing is just not possible with
most software. So we "test drove" the most heavily
advertised KDPs for you.

Previous PROFILES articles have discussed KDPs
for the CP/M-based Kaypros. This time around, we'll
take a closer look at their personalities and examine a
new KDP for Kaypro's IBM compatibles.

The cast of players, in alphabetical order:

• The Backgrounder

• Instant Install & Keys Please!

• MagiKey Plus and MagiKey Professional

• SmartKey II and SmartKey II Plus (for IBM clones)

• XtraKey with XScreen

In actual operation, each of these programs is
"transparent" to your applications software, such as
WordStar, dBASE II, and Perfect Writer. The KDP
resides in your Kaypro's RAM, waiting to perform its
magic when you need to create or recall a definition.
When you want to create a definition, hit a specially
reserved key or keys to activate the KDP A message line
temporarily overwrites existing onscreen text, or the
bottom of your screen goes blank, depending on the
program.

You can assign definitions to keyboard, keypad and
arrow keys as you work— this is called "on-the-fly"
These keys can be used with their new definitions or
redefined as often as you want until the next cold boot
(reset), when they will go to keystroke heaven. Or you
can save them in separate definition files for later use.

Place a \ or other "supershift" key ahead of the
defined key and it can accept another meaning. So
typing # might give "Yours truly," while typing \#
might give "With sincere regards."

If you don't like the define and supershift keys or
other features as delivered, you can usually customize
them to your liking via configuration programs.

That's about it for similarities. Now on to some
differences, program by program.

The Backgrounder (version 1.6)

The Backgrounder key definition program is a compan-
ion to CP/M 2.2E (the E is for "enhanced") and can only
be used in conjunction with it. (See "Things to

December 49

KEY DEFINITION

Remember," below.}

Strengths. The Backgrounder is the only KDP
reviewed that lets you load and save definition files at
any time. This can be a real timesaver if you want to use
several sets of definitions in one editing session, or if
you want to create new definitions and save them in
separate files for later use. Other KDPs make you exit to
the system first, then run another program that loads
and saves the new definitions.

The Backgrounder

lets you load and

save definition

files at any time.

In some KDPs, pressing the DEL key makes < DEL >
or an unfamiliar code appear onscreen. In The Back-
grounder, the DEL key works as you expect it to— it rubs
out the character to the left. However, on the non-
graphics Kaypros ('83 series), it only works on one line
at a time. Say you're creating a definition that wraps
two or three lines down the screen. If you spot an error
up on the first line, you can't get back to it. You have to
start over or live with the error. On Kaypros with
graphics ('84 series or later), you can delete all the way
back to the first character.

A "record" feature lets you actually perform all the
steps in your definition, then assign them to a key. This

way you've actually seen your definition in action— you
don't have to think about it as a solid string of charac-
ters, and your work flow remains basically uninter-
rupted.

The Backgrounder automatically distinguishes
between keypad numerals and keyboard numerals.
Some of the other programs require a special installa-
tion routine to achieve this. If you redefine the keypad
keys and occasionally want to use them for performing
calculations, The Backgrounder lets you quickly toggle
to their undefined mode.

The Backgrounder's configuration program (BG-
CONFIG) is easy to use and enables you to attach (au-
tomatically load) the definition file of your choice to any
applications program. So when you load, say, WordStar,
The Backgrounder will load your regular definition file
with it, saving you a few steps.

The Backgrounder also has a screen dump that will
send everything on the screen to your printer, plus a
program for writing notes in the middle of other pro-
grams, and online help.

Weaknesses. The Backgrounder can't "pause"
(interrupt) a definition for insertion of new data. Many
users find the pause function a real timesaver when
composing memos, form letters and other documents
with variable data such as dates and salutations. Paus-
ing is a popular feature; all the other KDPs reviewed
(except Keys Please!) offer it.

Nor does The Backgrounder let you control the out-
put speed of definitions. Long definitions, especially,
have a nasty habit of spitting out data faster than some

50 Profiles

programs can handle it. In WordStar, this results in a
prolonged beep and a screenful of exclamation points
until the definition is played back.

The maximum number of characters The Back-
grounder can assign to any key is 255— far fewer than
the other programs allow. But that limit can be over-
come by programming a series of keys to execute your
long definitions.

Redefined alphabet keys must be preceded by the
supershift key (default \). Therefore you can't redefine
an alphabet key by itself, as the other KDPs permit.
Since most users need regular access to their alpha
keys, this isn't much of a problem. The Backgrounder
also won't let you define keys preceded by a CTRL.

Things to remember. The Backgrounder can only
be used with CP/M 2.2E, an operating system devel-
oped by the same publisher. You must install CP/M 2.2E
following a very specific routine, then SYSGEN it to all
applications programs that you will use with The
Backgrounder.

(CP/M 2.2E offers many enhancements over the
Digital Research Inc. version supplied with your
Kaypro, plus some helpful public domain utilities. But
CP/M 2.2E's single greatest feature is Background
CP/M. BGCPM, as it's called, lets you perform system
functions such as DIR, TYPE and ERA without exiting
to CP/M— a wonderful way to do some housekeeping
without interrupting your current program. CP/M 2 . 2E
also corrects "lurking Perfect Writer bugs" (as the
publisher calls them), lets you shut off keyboard click,
logs to programs on drive A from drive B, quickly
reloads the last program executed when you type GO at
the system prompt, has a larger type-ahead buffer and
automatically logs single- or double-sided disks on
Kaypros with double-sided drives.)

It's important to remember that The Backgrounder
operates at two levels: CP/M and user (applications
programs such as WordStar and dBASE II). A definition
file for each level must be on disk— even if each file is
blank— for The Backgrounder to operate at all. This
sounds confusing, but the publisher provides sample
files for each level.

As delivered, The Backgrounder lets you define the
arrow and keypad keys at CP/M level and an additional
16 keyboard keys at user level. Increasing the number
of definable keys requires running a "size" routine
against every definition file you use.

The Backgrounder is very comprehensive, and you
must follow its 72-page typed manual carefully to
understand all of its features.

Instant Install & Keys Please! (version 2.0)

This isn't a true KDP. It's a program for WordStar users
only, and it does three specific things: automatically
defines the keypad keys to execute WordStar com-
mands; quickly installs WordStar and MailMerge for
any of 57 types of printers and three levels of expertise;
and makes WordStar run faster (reportedly 20 to 30

Don't You Believe in Ghosts?

You might be rather perplexed the first time you create
definitions with a KDR Why? Because most of the
KDP's prompts and messages, plus the "raw" defini-
tions, are still up on the screen, cluttering your existing
data. Think of them as onscreen "ghosts."

These ghost characters appear because the KDP is
transparent, figuratively and literally, to your applica-
tions programs— figuratively because your applica-
tions don't know the KDP is in memory and aren't
affected by its presence, and literally because every
time you make a definition, the KDP overwrites some
characters already on the screen.

Ghost characters have no effect on your file, but
they'll remain onscreen until you clear them somehow.
In word processing programs, you can scroll them off—
usually line by line, and usually by scrolling up rather
than down. Sometimes alternating the top-of-file and
bottom-of-file commands does the trick, but not
always. Regardless, it's a time consuming and annoy-
ing chore. If you're using a spreadsheet or database, you
may have to live with ghosts whenever you create
definitions— unless you can locate a "ghost buster."

The Backgrounder is the only KDP reviewed that
supplies ghost busting routines that automatically
and immediately "redraw" the screen after you finish
defining a key. However, those routines, either
WSRDR30.HEX or WSRDR33.HEX, work with Word-
Star 3 .0 and 3 . 3 only. You have to install the appropriate
routine yourself against WS.COM using the DDT pro-
gram supplied with your original CP/M disk. Installa-
tion is simple and takes only a few minutes if you follow
the explicit instructions provided.

WSRDRnn.HEX will clear up SmartKey, XtraKey
and MagiKey ghosts, too, but only within WordStar. It
doesn't work automatically with those programs; you
have to hit CTRLA to activate it. It even restores any
WordStar screen you've blanked out with XtraKey's
nifty "clear-screen" feature. Unfortunately, no KDP
publisher can provide a ghostbusting routine that will
work with every applications program.

The DOS version of SmartKey II Plus eliminates the
ghost problem by opening a highlighted window at the
bottom of the screen. All definition activities take place
there, and the window promptly vanishes when you're
through defining. The publisher promises the window
will be standard on the upcoming SmartKey II Plus
version for CP/M-based Kaypros with graphics.

Perfect Writer has a built-in "refresh screen" com-
mand [ESC-CTRL-L]), and NewWord, the WordStar
clone, automatically redraws the screen each time you
hit the ESC key. But the majority of CP/M applications
software won't do your ghostbusting for you. If you
never believed in mischievous spirits before, KDPs
could change your outlook. Q

December 51

percent).

The idea is to access all WordStar commands via the
keypad. These commands can't be changed by the user,
and none of the keyboard keys is user-definable.

Strengths. Instant Install really does make Word-
Star operate faster— on some Kaypros. WordStar 3.3
now runs as fast on my early '83 Kaypro II as my late
'84 Kaypro 2X. The differences are obvious in areas
such as cursor movement, scrolling, file saves, block
moves, sign-on messages and file loading. However, I
detected no speed boost on WordStar 3.3 Instant
Installed for the 2X.

Instant Install

really does make

WordStar runfaster

—on some Kaypros.

Printer installation, often a lengthy and confusing
WordStar procedure, is reduced to about four minutes
using Instant Install. The program presents an exten-
sive menu of printers. Then it installs WordStar for the
printer you select, complete with patches for super-
scripts, italics, condensed type and other features
specific to that printer. This can be very helpful if you
run your WordStar with" more than one printer— just
make a separate WS.COM file for each one and rename
them WSEPSON.COM, WSJUKI.COM, etc. Instant
Install also sets your default help level, but that's some-
thing the regular installation program does anyway.

If you like function keys, you'll love Key Please! The
keypad accesses all the WordStar functions via 14
"banks." The banks are toggled by hitting the keypad
hyphen, period and comma keys. For example, typing
-3 gives you the file editing bank. Hitting the 9 while in
this bank turns the margin release off and on. The
current bank's functions are displayed at the bottom of
the screen, and a laminated reminder card and a wall
poster are provided for quick reference.

Weaknesses. If you plan to become proficient with
WordStar, Keys Please! could become a sort of crutch.
One way or another you'll have to learn those com-
mands; if you rely on Keys Please! exclusively, you
might be lost if you have to use WordStar on its own.
Also, be prepared to give up your keypad. All numbers
must now be entered from the keyboard.

Instant Install does a fine job of installing and
patching and leaves most of your defaults alone. But it
brings up the no-edit menu without a file directory— a
minor irritation. And it turns off the insert mode— a
major irritation. I found myself overwriting, RETURN -
ing and TABbing through text until I remembered to
turn the insert back on. You can overcome these irrita-
tions by re-installing an Instant Installed WordStar
using WINSTALL.COM (got all that?). But that means

more work, and the idea behind this is less work.

Things to remember. Instant Install and Keys
Please! can be installed separately, so you don't have to
surrender your keypad unless you want to. Either way,
figure on adding about 9K to WS.COM.

Instant Install works fine with regular vanilla CP/M
or CP/M2.2E. But using a real KDP like SmartKey II in
conjunction with Keys Please! is not recommended,
because some of the features of each program will not
work if you do.

A nice benefit of Keys Please! is that it includes time-
saving functions not found in WordStar. Some of these
are delete word; transpose two characters; save with-
out exit, then return to previous cursor position; and
insert new line regardless of cursor position. After
figuring out how these functions were achieved, I
assigned them using the other KDPs, too.

MagiKey Plus and Magikey Professional

Strengths. MagiKey Plus gets you started right away.
Defining, saving and loading are covered in the man-
ual's first chapter. Any key can be defined any time at
system or program level and can accept a regular or
supershifted CTRL. Online help is provided and the
customization and configuration programs are quite
simple. All file loading and customizing can also be
invoked at system level.

The backspace key deletes mistakes during editing,
but, as in most KDPs, only on one line at a time. One
nice feature: A previously defined key can be left as-is if
you change your mind about redefining it. With other
KDPs, you usually lose the old definition once you edit
it for any reason.

Definition files can be merged, but the definitions
loaded last take precedence. Defined keys can also be
nested within other definitions— sort of like activating
a definition within a definition. (Say, for example, that
you've defined \D to stand for "Defender of the Faith,"
and you're creating another definition with \E and the
phrase Defender of the Faith is part of that definition.
Instead of typing out Defender of the Faith when defin-
ing \E, you'd simply type \D).

MagiKey Professional offers all the same features
and also has a record function, string reassignment
and other advanced capabilities. MagiKey doesn't
insert a linefeed at the end of a definition-in-progress
(see SmartKey II), but "ghost" images remain, as in
other KDPs. (Ghosts are left-over characters on the
screen that were included in the creation of a definition.
They remain and overwrite existing characters until
they're scrolled off the screen. See accompanying ar-
ticle on page 51.

Weaknesses. The MagiKey documentation, while
thorough, gets confusing in a hurry. Fortunately, the
basics are covered right up front. Advanced users and
programmers should have no problem with the 46-page
manual.

As delivered, MagiKey doesn't know the difference

52 Profiles

between keypad and keyboard numbers. But this can
be changed through the installation program, which
also allows you to control definition output speed.

You can't write a definition with your word pro-
cessing program and then convert that file into a
definition file within MagiKey— a selling point of the
competition. And definition files can be viewed or
printed, but defined keys are displayed one per screen
instead of in a single list.

Things to remember. MagiKey gives you lots of
room for definitions— disk space is your only limita-
tion. MagiKey offers most of the desirable features of its
competitors, but easier-to-understand documentation
and examples would be nice. Please note there was no
version number given for these programs.

SmartKey II (version l.O [CP/M] )
SmartKey II Plus (version 4.1 [PC-DOS] )

Strengths. Both CP/M and PC-DOS versions let you
define any key at any time, at system level or program
level, with or without supershifting. Alphabet keys can
be preceded by CTRL (A) to accept even more defini-
tions. In the DOS version, all definitions can be pre-
ceded by the ALT key, and function keys can be
redefined, too.

Both SmartKeys will turn any definition file (a series
of codes) into a text file, so you can quickly and easily
view or print your definitions. You can also write defini-
tions using your word processor.

SmartKey turns any

definition file into

a textfile so you

can view definitions.

Two SmartKey definition files can be combined, but
any keys defined in the file loaded second will replace
their counterparts in the first; careful planning is
required.

SmartKey includes SKDEF.COM (DOS) and FIX-
KEY COM (CP/M), handy programs that can show you
all definitions currently in memory or in a definition
file, clear all definitions in memory, transfer definitions
to other keys, and accept and save new strings of up to
255 characters.

SKSETUP.COM (DOS) and SKPATCH.COM (CP/M) let
you easily customize SmartKey defaults. The speed
control is especially important in the CP/M version;
you'll probably want to slow SmartKey II down for long
definitions or you'll risk "jamming." The DOS version I
tried had no problem with issuing extremely long
definitions.

The DOS version's SMART window eliminates the
"ghost" problems associated with the CP/M release and
gives much greater control over definitions— you can,

Free Filer

The "Un-Database"
from Telion Software

Database programs make you organize information into a
form. That's fine for an address list where every entry
contains the same old boring things. But how do you
'database" your free-form text files, like novels, business letters
screenplays, annotated bibliographies, personal correspondence
or client case histories? With a database program you're just plain
out of luck!

Now Free Filer lets you keep track of your words
like you do your lists. That's why we call Free Filer the
"un-database."

How does FREE FILER do it? Free Filer divides your
diskette into parcels of information, much like index cards. It will
segment your text files into paragraph parcels automatically. Or
you can specify other data parcels yourself,

You can search, alphabetically sort, and print each parcel
effortlessly. You can even combine parcels to create a new card
Free Filer can search all or some of your files on disk, going
through them one by one. And if you have lots of files, that can
save you a bundle of time.

And it's fast. Free Filer can blitz through a 55K file in less
than 25 seconds.

"I am taken at the program's speed and simplicity. I would
recommend it for everyone - it's another tool to make your com-
puter more powerful and you more efficient." - Peter A
McWilliams, author of The Personal Computer Book.

"Free Filer is one of those wonderful little general-purpose
text utilities that simplify life with computers. Recommended "
-Jerry Poumelle, Byte Magazine.

Free Filer is directly available from Telion Software for
I49. 95 (cash price) in all popular CP/M and MS-DOS formats.

Now shipping 4.0 with "AND," "OR," and "NOT,"
(boolean) searching with even faster searching and
sorting performance. Calif, residents add 6%. Include $3.00
S/H. Modem Users: order by 24-hr. bulletin board 213-944-2551

TELION

software

P.O. Box 1464

La Mirada, CA 90637-1464

Phone 213-946-1015

December 53

SPACE SAVERS

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for example, back up in a definition and delete charac-
ters backward, and there is a menu.

A really nifty feature on DOS lets you delay any
segment of a definition for as long as 99 seconds. This is
useful for making demonstration programs, creating
examples and pausing for disk changes with automatic
continuation.

Weaknesses. Creating definitions with the CP/M
version takes some getting used to. After you create a
definition, SmartKey II inserts a linefeed in the
onscreen text. This creates a space that you have to
manually close every time— not fun!

The CP/M version also puts <DEL> on the screen
each time you delete. This not only looks strange on the
screen, but each <DEL> uses up memory and leaves
less space for other definitions.

Things to remember. The window version (DOS) is
much easier to work with than the non-window version
(CP/M) . The publisher promises a window on upcoming
versions for the CP/M Kaypros, but they weren't avail-
able at this writing.

The DOS version takes up more disk space than does
CP/M's because of the window feature. But most DOS
computers can handle that with ease, and the window
is well worth it in user-friendliness. Window size is
adjustable, so long definitions can be accepted easily.
However, you can't use the cursor to move around the
window. The only editing control is backspacing to
delete.

Easy to use and learn, SmartKey is said to be a
favorite of authors and screenwriters who get tired of
typing characters' names over and over. Documenta-
tion for both versions is excellent, although the CP/M
book gets overly cute at times. Both versions now
include SmartPrint, a program that helps you access
special print features on most printers.

XtraKey (version 2.4a); XScreen (version l.O)

Strengths. XtraKey is a supershifter's delight— each
key can accept up to 42 definitions. The number of
characters per definition is limited only by available
disk space.

XtraKey offers a lot of versatility. It can do things you
probably never thought of doing, such as send defini-
tions to the printer only, send all characters in upper
case, and prevent certain characters from appearing on
the screen.

The program includes online help, does pauses, has
a speed control, includes many sample definition files
and lets you change features or load files at system level
or through a configuration program. You can compile
word-processed files as definitions and reduce the
"define" and "end define" functions to a single key-
stroke, if you so desire.

One of XtraKey's neatest features is the "clear-
screen" function. It blanks the screen with two key-
strokes—just in case you don't want anyone to catch

(continued on page 60)

54 Profiles

RCPMs:

Settling the Frontier

It takes more than a pioneering spirit

by Christopher M. DeBracy

Telecomputing— communicating by computer
with other users via the phone lines through one
computer that serves as a hub— has proliferated
amazingly in the last three or four years. Where once
these hubs— called RCP/Ms (remote CP/M systems)—
were just lonely outposts, today there are hundreds in
the United States and abroad devoted to scores of
specialized topics, from politics to the space program.
Software for operating such systems is becoming more
abundant and easier to find, and the unseen online
community continues to grow.

What used to be advance posts on a new frontier in
telecommunications are now boomtowns, with more
settlers arriving all the time.

This article is intended for those interested in fur-
ther exploring this exciting new territory by taking on
the more active (and responsible) role of sysop— system
operator.

In this article I'm assuming that you have a basic
knowledge of telecomputing. I'll discuss what a sysop
does, what equipment is required, and how to protect
your system; finally, I'll describe some of the operating
software available. But first lefs define our terms: An
RCP/M is a computer equipped with an auto-answer
modem and software designed to answer phone calls
from another computer and modem. In a nutshell, all
RCP/Ms allow people to leave electronic messages to
other users of the same system and support file trans-
fers over telephone lines. (Strictly speaking, a bulletin
board system— BBS— only allows users to leave mes-
sages, not download programs and so on; RCP/Ms have
such message sections, but they also allow users to do
much more. The terms BBS, RBBS and RCP/M are
often, if incorrectly, used interchangeably.)

The role of the sysop

Just what do sysops do? We constantly answer mes-
sages from users and collect or develop new public
domain software (and almost single-handedly support
AT&T with our long-distance phone calls).

We do all of this and more for little or no financial
gain. Many RCP/Ms are run as a hobby, a means of
advertising, or as a way to meet people. But there are
pitfalls— see the section on system security.

Still interested? First you will need a great deal of
patience, time, and some familiarity with assembly
language, MBASIC, CBASIC, "C," CP/M, Turbo Pascal or
any combination thereof. This is not meant to scare you
off. If you know how to assemble a program and load it,
that's half the battle. Instructions on how to use utilities
like DDT are generally included with programs requir-
ing modifications.

Most authors have taken the time to include installa-
tion instructions, which simplify the process. This is
not to say that all instructions are perfect or even
complete; that's why you'll need some knowledge of
what you're dealing with. Sometimes certain things-
such as knowledge of the video command set for your
computer or terminal, or familiarity with CP/M device
assignments— are taken for granted.

Occasionally, programming experience is not only
helpful, but required. Non-standard CP/M utilities like
BASCOM, M80, LD80 and MAC may be needed for some
programs. Fortunately, many are already compiled or
include a separate installation program.

Necessary equipment

The hardware requirements are a CP/M computer run-
ning at least 48K TPA (Transient Program Area) and an
auto-answer modem. Frills such as hard drives and
real-time clocks can be added later as needed. I recom-
mend at least two disk drives for an RCP/M.

Software may consist of three different main pro-
grams: BYE, RBBS and the XMODEM file transfer
program.

The BYE program resides in high memory and is
primarily responsible for answering the phone, detect-
ing carrier and baud rate, and limiting a user's access
to specific drives and/or user areas. BYE can also
impose specific time limits on user calls and provide
certain function keys that give overriding control to the
sysop, as well as reset the system should the user "drop
carrier" (hangup).

The RBBS (Remote Bulletin Board System) program
allows you to read and leave messages. This is the heart
of many systems and might be called MBBS, RBBS,
MAIL, or whatever else the author came up with to
make it sound unique. All such systems function much .

December 55

the same way. Some allow reading of bulletins, paging
the sysop to "talk" via the keyboard using a program
called CHAT, or controlling access to CP/M by password
or pre-validation by the sysop. On many small systems,
the RBBS is the only program available. No access to
CP/M is allowed and file transfers are therefore
unavailable.

The XMODEM program handles file transfers. It
operates by sending or receiving a file in 128-byte
blocks (or optionally, the new IK block), and checks to
make sure each block was received intact before start-
ing with the next block. XMODEM protocol is exceed-
ingly accurate and is commonly used regardless of the
type of operating system. XMODEM will probably be
the easiest program to locate. Pre-assembled versions
are available for the Kaypro.

The last thing you

want is to find that

some clown has erased

your hard drive.

You will also need a 300/1200-baud modem. 300
baud is fine for a local RCP/M of limited use, but 1200
baud is the standard requirement for file transfers.

Protecting your datafiles

Security is the most important consideration when
operating an RCP/M. Consider the following scenario:

It's late at night. You sit in front of your Kaypro and
suddenly the auto-answer light on your modem blinks
on: friend or foe? The person logging on is new to your
system. You lean back and relax, confident in your
"crash-proof" RCP/M. Your caller lives in Rome, Italy,
and identifies himself as a new user. He's now in the
RBBS portion of your system, where he repeatedly tries
to kill every message in sight. He's unsuccessful, but he
persists in his childish attempts.

You finally figure he's about had it and get ready to
hit your "twit key," kicking him off the system without
warning. But wait, he tries to gain access to CP/M. It's
always interesting when new callers try vainly to guess
the CP/M password that only your regular users know.

Surprise, surprise, He gets it right the first time.
Someone's talked, and now he's on his way to CP/M with
the express intention of crashing your hard drive . . .

The last thing you want is to wake up one morning to
find that some clown erased your entire hard drive.
Certain steps must be taken to prevent callers from
stealing your command files, restrict them to certain
drive/user areas, and stop them from altering the data
that already exists on your drives. Sound difficult?

Not really. An enhanced version of the CP/M operat-
ing system known as ZCPR (see Ted Silveira's article on
the Z-System on page 24) has taken the worry out of

RCP/M security problems. When the user is logged on,
all resident commands such as TYPE, DIR, REN, ERA,
USER and SAVE are disabled or replaced by a com-
mand file that prevents the remote user from employ-
ing them to ruin your data. Kaypro owners can find
configured ZCPR2 or ZCPR3 operating systems on
many RCP/Ms with Kaypro interests. I recommend
ZCPR3 for the Kaypro 10.

If you don't want to bother with ZCPR, another
option is available to you. Two terrific programs,
PATCH and DU, will allow you to edit your system
tracks and null out those resident commands. (Hint:
Look at track 0, sectors 6 and 7.) This would be
recommended for the two-drive Kaypro user who just
wants something that gets the job done.

One other word of warning: Don't leave programs like
NSWP, DDT or WS out where a user can find them. Any
program that you don't want run on your system
should either be squeezed or renamed to an object file.

You will get abusive users who try desperately to
crash your system, all in the name of "harmless fun."
Many RCP/Ms now charge access fees to prevent that
type of harassment and to help with operating costs.
Not many people will pay cold, hard cash just for the
opportunity to try to trash someone's system. That's the
kind of built-in security and peace of mind only money
can buy, I'm afraid.

If you have specific questions about all this, ask
another sysop; we were all beginners once and will
often help to get a new system up and running.

RCP/M software packages

The following is an overview of several RCP/M packages
that may suit your needs. I suggest calling about those
you're interested in (I've included the system phone
numbers); not all features are discussed here, and
specific questions or problems can best be handled by
those who wrote the programs.

• EMX v3.14: Written by Simon Ewins (416/484-
9663). EMX is probably the hardest package for the
aspiring sysop to set up. M80, L80, MAC and MLOAD
are required to compile the system. EMX comes with
its own BYE called EMXBYE. This program alone is
worth all the heartache you'll encounter trying to get it
running— it's perhaps the best of the BYEs.

EMXBYE allows you to restrict a particular caller to
any combination of drives and/or user areas and sets
time limits per call. If you wish to give one user access
to a single user area but allow others access to several,
this program will do the trick.

The MAIL module of EMX is a poor program. Its
written in assembler and, not surprisingly, its features
are minimal. Read, Scan, Enter and Quit are all that's
available. It's not fancy, but many RCP/Ms worry little
about the message base, instead concentrating on the
mainstay of the medium— file transfers.

The version I used came complete with a SUBMIT file

56 Profiles

that compiled everything for me in about 15 minutes.
All I needed to do was pick my user options and
passwords. Don't think it's going to be that easy for you.
This is definitely not for the beginner unless you have
some programming experience.

• K-NET84™: Written by Steve Sanders (813/791-
1454), $249. K-NET is a complete commercial RCP/M
program. It consists of a series of programs (modules)
that interact with one another. A remote BYE is
included.

It is easy to use, and beginning sysops will like both
the ease of maintaining the system and the fancy video
displays.

Callers should have no trouble with the RBBS mes-
sage base. Features include reading multiple mes-
sages, entering and killing messages, CHAT, viewing
information files, and some video functions.

The system can be configured in one of several ways
with a separate installation program. A 50-page man-
ual guides you through installation steps and explains
some of the other programs that are included (SD
XMODEM, CHAT, etc.). ZCPR is provided for security.

The nice thing about the system files is that Word-
Star can be used to correct problems should the
unlikely happen. You can, for example, edit the configu-
ration files if you need to add features (such as more
security) or increase TPA size to run some programs.

If you are eager to start an RCP/M and would like the
convenience that a ready-to-run package offers, this
system is worth looking into.

MBYE overlays for

Kaypro owners let

you specify time

limits for users.

• MBBS ™ v3 . 1 : Written by Kim Levitt (2 1 3/653-6398) .
MBBS is interactive with MBYE-34, or newer, to restrict
users to particular drives and/or user areas and to
restrict XMODEM privileges. Correctly integrated with
MBYE and XMODEM, MBBS rivals EMXBYE.

MBYE overlays for Kaypro owners include time-clock
routines, letting you specify time limits for your users.

The message base features true word-wrap, lets you
tag messages for viewing, and allows you to search for a
particular string of characters. Information files,
CHAT, and password change are also available.

This system comes with an installation program,
since no source code was released with it. The utility
program handles validation and edits user records and
messages. Sysops and users alike should find MBBS a
capable program.

• RBBS v3.7: Written by Dennis Recla (214/681-
4789). RBBS37 comes in two different forms. One is

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December 57

Introducing

PROFILES

The Magazine For Kaypro Users

If you own a Kaypro, six issues of PROFILES
won't cost you a penny.

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haven't received an issue in the mail,
please fill out the form below and send it
in. We must have accurate serial num-
bers and zip codes for subscriptions to
go through, so be thorough. Please
allow 10-12 weeks for delivery. Note: the
introductory subscription begins with the first issue you
receive in the mail and has no relationship to the com-
plimentary issue packed in your machine.

If you don't have the luck to own a Kaypro, you can still
subscribe (use the lower form). Or you can pick up a copy
at any authorized Kaypro dealer. Call Toll Free Nation-
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□ Please Begin My Introductory Six-issue Subscription.

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4BBZZ

58 Profiles

RCPM

already compiled; the other contains commented
source code.

Try the compiled version. Other than having to buy
BASCOM and LD80 (it's too big for L80) , the installation
program makes setting this up a breeze. Included is a
utility program for the sysop.

This is a popular program. The author claims it's
rather limited in capability, but its widespread use
makes this a proven program.

RBBS37 allows for multiple help and information
files and provides RBBS security by optionally requir-
ing validation by the sysop in order for users to leave
messages and enter CP/M. This is all chosen during
installation. MBYE or a similar program is required.

• ROS (Remote Operating System) v3.3: Written by
Steve Fox (505/299-5974). ROS (pronounced "Ross") is
a public domain RCP/M package written in Turbo
Pascal. This program combines BYE, XMODEM, LUX,
SD, RBBS, and a sysop utility program all in one.

ROS is unique in that no access to CP/M is needed. It
handles everything internally. The result is a system
that runs much faster than if you were using its CP/M
counterparts. Menus are available everywhere.

The message section supports multiple message
bases. It features true word-wrap and the best message

editing features I've seen for an RBBS. Information files
can also be displayed.

The utility section handles CHAT includes a neat
statistical summary function, and allows the user to
change several user-specific parameters.

The file section allows users to view, change, and
display file sections (user areas) as if they were in CP/M,
and it supports single-entry library and XMODEM
functions. The sysop can restrict users to certain file
sections, message bases and time limits.

No security precautions are necessary because this
program is not quite a true remote operating system.
Other programs are an adaptation of CP/M to remote
(via modem) operation; ROS never lets the remote user
get to CP/M.

Kaypro modem and time-clock routines are avail-
able, almost eliminating the need for any modifications
on your part. You will need Turbo Pascal 2.0 or 3.0 and
Turbo Toolbox to compile the program.

This is my personal favorite among the public
domain packages available. □

Christopher DeBracy is the sysop of Sanctuary, an
RCP/M system running on Steve Sanders' K-NET
software. You may reach his system in Florida by
calling (305) 736-4950.

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KEY DEFINITION

(continued from page 54)

you playing video games at the
office. Recovering the screen isn't
quite so simple, however. The
author rightly warns that it might
take some scrolling of lines or
screens to redisplay everything
that was up there.

XScreen is a stand-alone pro-
gram, but it works with XtraKey,
too. XScreen not only includes
XtraKey's clear-screen and screen-
dump-to-printer features, but it
can also dump a screen into a file.
This is great if you want to save a
portion of a file and edit it later. But
remember, everything on the
screen will appear, such as status
lines, hard returns and ruler lines.
XScreen also will shut off keyboard
click until the next power-off.

Weaknesses. XtraKey requires
more and longer commands when
making definitions— \ [SHIFT]! to
start definition, AQZ to end defini-
tion, AQB to pause, etc. The authors
say this is to help prevent acci-
dents, but I found it time-consum-
ing to learn so many commands. A
quick reference card is provided,
however.

When you delete a character
while making a definition, the
entire definition is redisplayed,
minus the deleted character. The
screen scrolls up one line every
time you delete, showing the cur-
rent definition; when you finally
insert the definition the way you
want it, you might end up doing a
lot of scrolling to get back to your
original position in the text.

Documentation is long, compre-
hensive and sometimes a bit too
cute in an attempt to be user-
friendly. You don't get to make a
definition until chapter 6; the first
five chapters are 13 pages of tight
text on 8-1/2 by 11 paper. The author
advises you to read everything
twice— I concur.

Things to remember. Keypad
and keyboard number keys are dis-
tinguished automatically. But if
you want a number supershifted,
the first place (keypad or keyboard)
you define it takes precedence. The
other supershifted number will
give the same definition.

XtraKey's authors update the
program regularly, apparently
adding some of the desirable fea-
tures available on competing prod-
ucts, such as single-key backspace
delete in the definition mode and
the ability to toggle cursor and key-
pad keys on and off. It's now even
compatible, on the Kaypro 10, with
Plu* Perfect Writer and the CP/M
2.2E described above.

In all, it's a very thorough KDP
and well worth its price— perhaps
not quite as easy as SmartKey but
fine nonetheless, even for the first-
time user. This is a program that
offers many capabilities as the
user's needs expand. □

Quick Reference
Summary

The Backgrounder
Plu*Perfect Systems
P.O. Box 1494
Idyllwild, CA 92349
(714) 659-4432

Instant Install & Keys Please!
Computer Insights
40957 Grimmer Blvd.
Fremont, CA 94538
(415) 490-0685

MagiKey

PRO Microsystems
16609 Sagewood Lane
Poway, CA 92064
(619) 693-1022

SmartKey

Software Research Technologies, Inc.

3757 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 211

Los Angeles, CA 90010

(213) 384-4120

XtraKey
Xpert Software
8865 Polland Avenue
San Diego, CA 92123
(619) 268-OH2

Glenn Grant is a copy editor for
the San Diego Union and a free-
lance writer based in Coronado,
California. He is a contributing
editor of Computer Merchandising
magazine.

60 Profiles

But Now There's Mini-Ledger

While those dinosaur-size companies resort
to large, integrated computer accounting
packages, your modest-size company can
track key income and expense activities
through the use of Paradigm's single-entry
Mini-Ledger program. And you can do this
for only $150.00.

With Mini-Ledger, you can define up to 99
codes like your company car expenses,
entertainment, rent, payroll, cash flow... it's
up to you. And because Mini-Ledger is so
easy to use, you don't need any accounting

CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Corporation

experience to run it. Also, several printouts
are available to help you prepare clear and
accurate statements of your financial opera-
tion. That's ideal for tax purposes.

To employ Mini-Ledger, you need either
CP/M™, CP/M-86, MS-DOS or PC-DOS
2.0, and at least one disk drive. A demo
version with user's-manual is available
for $30.00.

With Mini-Ledger, those prehistoric days
of Shoe-Box accounting are over.

PARADIGM
CONSULTANTS

39243 Liberty Street, Suite L
Fremont, CA 94538 (415) 796-0543
Outside California Call (800) 821-8407

Substantial dealer discounts available.

SPECIAL!

WRITE $99.95

Send $99.95 and this ad-Save
$139! write features include:

• Easy to use and learn

• Trial print to screen: saves paper

• Fast single-letter edit commands

• Recover files even after a system
crash

• Fast scrolling

*'e N Dix *°*

MITE

The master modem program-
chosen by KayPro and Nova-
tion. Preconfigured; running in
five minutes. Online help
always available, mite can
recall phone numbers and
modem settings from a disk file.
If you call minicomputers, mite+
adds 94 terminal emulations for
only $25!

Price: KayPro ll/IV/1 0: $1 50

KayPro 16/286i/2000: $195

Add $25 for terminal emulation

write does underlining, bold-
face, proportional print. On-
screen trial print lets you
experiment without paper. All
edit commands are single-letter
and changeable. Normally
$239, only $99.95 with this ad.
Save $1 39 for a limited time!

Software Anthology Series

7 CP/M disks, 1 MS-DOS disk.
The tested best public & private
utility programs. $32.50/disk.

Workman & Associates

1 12 Marion Avenue

Pasadena, CA 91106

(818) 796-4401

Ask for our free catalog. More product
information rushed on request. Please
specify model of computer when order-
ing. Add $2.50 for shipping. CODs
cheerfully accepted!

PANGLOSS turns WORDSTAR™ into a great
BILINGUAL WORD PROCESSOR

w avSpee Sucao-roti
IlMiuHTe no-pyccKH

PANGLOSS lets you create and edit bilingual text with
WordStar. You get 94 foreign letters in addition to
all the English letters. All letters are displayed on the
screen and printed on dot or daisy printers, including
the Juki™ Naturally, you write Arabic and Hebrew
right-to-ieft. PANGLOSS makes mixing languages
a snap!

Ord er Now! We Accept VISA and MasterCard ! Call
[503] 484-0520. For Kaypros™ PANGLOSS costs
$135.00 [price goes up January ij.
For MATHEMATICAL word processing, see the re-
view of CHARTECH in the June Profiles. Our products
run on most systems that run WordStar.

TECHWARE

P.O. Box 10545, Eugene, OR 97440

Back Issues

Some back issues oiPROFILES are
available. Highlights of recent
issues are detailed below. We'll send
you the desired issue(s) for $4.00
each, including postage and han-
dling. Enclose your name and
address along with a check or
money order payable to Kaypro
Corp. and mail to:

PROFILES

Attn: Back Issues

P.O. Box 2889

Del Mar, CA 92014

February '85

• Use a modem— go to jail?

• Public domain software

March '85

• Unique applications

• Computerized speechwriting

• Statistical software roundup

April '85

• Famous users

• dBASE and the real-time clock

• Tax prep software

May '85

• Alvin Toffler interview

• MBASIC marvels

• Telecommuting

June '85

• Micros in the Third World

• Perfect Series ver. 2.0 review

• Tracking the "desaparecidos"

July /August '85

• $100,000 a year freelancing

• Customizing WordStar

• Hardware review of 286i

September '85

• CP/M educational software

• DU (Disk Utility), part 1

• Disk drive diagnostics

October '85

• MBASIC to Turbo

• Sorting algorithms

• C programming language

November '85

• dBASE general ledger

• Bookkeeping with P. Calc

• Accounting software roundup

62 Profiles

Beginners Luck

by Tyler Sperry

If you own a Kaypro 1 , 2, 2X, 4 or
10, you probably know you have
a CP/M machine, but if you're
new to computing you may not be
entirely sure what that means.

Is CP/M a "flavor" of microcom-
puter or a program that you run?
Actually, it's both. You have a CP/M
computer if thafs the operating sys-
tem your machine runs. CP/M
stands for "Control Program for
Microcomputers," which is a trade-
mark of Digital Research Corpora-
tion. (Some Kaypros— the 16, 16-2,
2861, 2000 and PC-use MS-DOS
instead of CP/M. Next month we'll
cover the basics of that operating
system.)

CP/M is a powerful program that
controls virtually every aspect of
your Kaypro's operation. This pro-
gram is written in "assembly lan-
guage," which in turn is translated
into "machine code"— the only lan-
guage that your machine under-
stands—by a third program called
an "assembler." (It's not essential for
you to know this, but it may help
put things in place as you learn
more.)

When you switch on your
machine, there's just enough infor-
mation permanently stored in
microchips in the machine's
innards to tell it to automatically
load CP/M from disk. You can then
tell your computer to perform vari-
ous tasks by using CP/M com-
mands directly. This is called
"working at the system level."
When you use an "application" pro-
gram like WordStar, the application
program communicates with CP/M
for you.

In the space below we'll explain
some of the basic CP/M commands.

Executive secretary

The first order of business is simply
describing what CP/M— or any
other operating system— does. An

analogy might help.

Imagine a busy office. Directly
under the general manager is an
executive secretary. When the
manager wants to do something or
wants some information, he/she
relies on a secretary to take care of
the details. The boss says some-
thing like, "Give me that letter
where I threatened to sue Fred's
pants off." It's up to the secretary to
take care of the details of looking
through the filing cabinets for
Fred's file and making a copy of the
letter. Its a pretty simple system for
the boss: the secretary takes care of
the real work.

The situation is pretty much the
same when it comes to managing
disks instead of offices. Instead of
filing cabinets, you have disk
drives; instead of file folders, you
have files on a diskette. You, like a
general manager, get to give the
orders while CP/M takes care of the
details.

Here we'll be concerned only
with the basic, most-used CP/M
commands. These fall into two cat-
egories: internal commands and
external commands. Internal com-
mands, such as DIR and ERA (dis-
cussed later) don't appear on your
disk directory— they're mini-pro-
grams built into the CP/M operat-
ing program. External commands,
like PIP and COPY, appear on the
directory as free-standing pro-
grams the same way that a pro-
gram like WordStar does.

Before we get into these, its help-
ful to describe the general charac-
teristics of a CP/M command.

English as an unknown
language

CP/M's vocabulary is limited. It
only understands one basic sen-
tence pattern: the command. Still,
its amazing how effective simple
commands can be, like "Sue Fred"

GRAF 3.0

the complete
BUSINESS and SCIENTIFIC

printer graphics program

s 49 9S $69 9S

CP/M-80 MS-DOS / PC-DOS

• display floating point data directly
from spreadsheets, data bases,
word processors, and
programming languages (or the
keyboard) in a wide variety of
bar, pie, line, and scatter plots

• plot and group up to 6 different
variables on a single graph,
distinguished by up to 14
different fill-in patterns and 8
different point-plotting symbols

• menu driven operation supports
automatic graph scaling, labeling,
and legend creation

• add up to 5 different-density grid
lines, and choose from a wide
variety of numerical labeling
options

GRAF 2.0 Update Policy: Returning your
original GRAF 2.0 disk to MSC entitles you
to $20.00 off the above prices.
Numeric Compressor Option: 8087
support for the MS-DOS/PC-DOS version
of GRAF 3.0 is available for an additional
$20.00.

TERMS: We ship via first class mail. The
above prices include domestic shipping and
handling. Orders outside USA require
additional $5.00 for postage. N.Y. residents
add state sales tax. When ordering you
MUST state your computer and printer make
and model. We support MS-DOS (PC-DOS)
version 20 or later on computers with at
east 192k RAM, and CP/M-80 version 2.2 or
later on Z80 computers (other than modified
Apples) supporting a TPA of at least 54k
(requires 64k of RAM). Most soft-sector disk
formats are available, (if you can read several
formats, please send us a list.) GRAF 3.0
works with any printer fully compatible with
one of the following: Epson FX, RX, LX, MX
(with GRAFTRAX), or LQ-1500; C. Itoh
Prowriter; NEC 8023A; Star Micronics Gemini
10X, 15X, SG-10, SC-15; IBM Graphics Printer:
Okidata 192, and earlier Okidata models
equipped with the "IBM Plug V Play" chips
(If you have an Okidata printer, other than
the 192, the Plug 'n' Play chips are reouiredl)

Microcomputer

MSC s ^ ms , —

Consultants

27 Forest Avenue
Port Jefferson Station
New York 11776-1820

December 63

The MicroPro
high on your list is

MicroPro is high on everyone's
list of most- wanted software. And for a
limited time only, it's going to be low
on our price list; so low that we can
only make this offer available to Profiles
readers.

Now's the time to complete or
update your MicroPro collection with
software that extends the capabilities of
WordStar, or opens up whole new
areas of application: from spreadsheets

FOR 8-BIT KAYPROS"

(Models 2, 2x, 4, 4x and 10)
WordStar 3.3* is the standard in word processing, used by over one
million customers. Depth, versatility and speed make it an
indispensable tool for word processing.

MailMerge' enables you and your WordStar to generate mailing labels
as well as personalized letters and invoices. MailMerge is used by
nearly half of all WordStar users.

SpellStar* checks the spelling in your WordStar document before you
print It contains 20,000 words and is based on the American Hentage
Dictionaries published by Houghton Mifflin.
Starlndex™ allows you to create indexes, tables of contents and lists
of figures automatically for WordStar documents.
Option Pack combines MailMerge, SpellStar and Starlndex. When used
with WordStar, the Option Pack gives you a comprehensive text
management system at an unbeatable price.
CalcStar* is an entry-level spreadsheet that lets you do financial
budgeting, forecasting and financial analysis with ease.
InfoStar 1.0™ is an easy to use data base management system that is
ideal for automating systems in small businesses.

to data base management. And if you
have a l6-bit Kaypro, this is your chance
to update to WordStar 2000 at an
unbeatable price. All products offered
come with the latest MicroPro documen-
tation.

So take a look at what we have to
offer and order now
Before we come to t|BB

our senses. BHB

MicroPro,

FOR 16 BIT KAYPROS

(Models 16, 16? and 286i)
WordStar 2000" is our advanced, state-of-the-art word processing
package, offering 16-Bit Kaypro users the sophistication of a
"dedicated" word processor, without sacrificing ease of use.
CorrectStar' locates and corrects misspellings in WordStar documents
with the touch of a key, by either correcting words from its 65,000
word dictionary or from the operator's personally generated dictionary
InfoStar+1.6 m allows you to turn your computer into an advanced
information processor. With InfoStar+ , you can sort mailing lists,
automate your billing system, organize and report your inventory levels-
turn your mass of forms and paperwork into useful data.
Starlndex creates alphabetized indexes, tables of contents and
lists of figures and tables in major reports and proposals created
with WordStar.

software thafs
now low on ours.

Just when you thought programming wasn't for you.

*An enhanced FORTH programming package for the KAYPR0™2, 4, 2X and 10

From beyond ordinary programming languages comes a completely different approach
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Beginner's Luck::

P.T.

PRIVACY TRANSFORMATION

**********************************************

P T. - prevents unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or personal infor-
mation for long or short term disk storage, telecommunica-
tions or transportation.

P.T. - encrypts any document, text, or source program file beyond
intelligibility. Your files will remain secret.

P.T. - allows you to encrypt or decrypt files. It also permits viewing
plain text or encrypted files for quick reference.

P.T. - resists even the most determined unauthorized decryption.

P.T. - is an inexpensive but professional solution to privacy and
computer security problems.

**********************************************

BUSINESS - Protect competition sensitive information

LAWYERS - Protect the confidentiality of clients and cases.

TEACHERS - Protect tests and grades.

PROGRAMMERS - Protect source programs.

RESEARCHERS - Protect sensitive research documentation.
The Privacy Transformation is for everyone who feels the need for privacy. It
works with Calcstar, D-Base II, and Wordstar.

**********************************************
For Kaypro 1, 2x, 4/84, and 10 QUADRA VOICE, IllC.

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for instance.

As you've probably already
gathered, CP/M is really a pretty
simple-minded program. When
CP/M is finished with a task and
ready to do something else, it offers
you a prompt like this:
A>
This is the infamous "A Prompt'
that has intimidated many a novice
user. The greater-than mark is an
idiosyncrasy of CP/M; the letter
indicates which disk drive is cur-
rently being looked at. (Disk drives
are labeled with letters, starting
with A. Your typical Kaypro has
two drives, A and B.)

When you see this prompt, CP/M
is waiting for your command. A
command is simply the name of a
program— whether internal or
external— followed, if necessary, by
the name of the information you
want the program to work with.
(As with most programs, you erase
mistakes with the backspace key
and signal the end of a command
by pressing the "return" key.) For
example, using WordStar to edit a
letter to your friend Fred could look
like this:

A>WSFRED.LTR
This command tells CP/M to run
the WordStar program (named
"WS"— programmers love abbrevi-
ations) and edit the file named
"FRED.LTR" This assumes your
WordStar disk is on drive A along
with your letter to Fred. If you keep
your letters on another diskette in
drive B, the command would look
like this:

A>WS B:FRED.LTR
(From this you can quickly pick
up the pattern used for naming
files. All filenames have three
parts. The first part indicates
which drive it's on, the second is a
"first name"— just about anything
you can fit in eight letters or less—
and the third is a "last name,"
called an extension in CP/M jar-

66 Profiles

gon. This can be almost anything
you can fit into three letters. The
exceptions and conventions used
in filenames are listed in— you
guessed it— the manual.)

Thus, B:FRED.DOC is a file on
the diskette in drive B, while
A:FRED.DOC is a file with the same
name on the diskette in drive A. As
a convenience to those who hate
typing, you can leave off the drive
designation for files on the cur-
rently active drive. (See the first
WordStar example above.)

Despite the intimidating man-
ual, almost all your CP/M usage will
follow this simple command pat-
tern of program name and file-
name. The tricky part is keeping
track of all the command names
and the various options.

The internal commands

These are frequently used because
they're so useful. Perhaps the most
important built-in command is the
directory lister: A>DIR

This command lists all the files
on the currently active drive-
extremely useful if you have dis-
kettes full of letters lying about.

A powerful, even lethal, com-
mand is ERA. Having nothing to do
with the Equal Rights Amend-
ment, this command's job is ERAs-
ing files from the disk. You can
erase a single file at a time, or you
can do it wholesale with the com-
mand A >ERA *.*.

Even with its limited intelli-
gence, CP/M will double-check your
intentions on this command with
the reply 'Are you sure?" This is
just as well, since the command
threatens to erase all the files on
your diskette.

The asterisks are known as
"wildcards," and CP/M uses them
to stand for any character or com-
bination of characters. Thus, the
erase command above would erase
(continued on page 76)

XZviKcif out "keys" the
competition. Here's why!

"XtraKey is the best single
purchase I have made for my
computer." E.M.S.,
Mt. Rainier, MD

There's no question about it.
The things that XtraKey can
do through key redefinition
just plain make your computer
a whole lot easier and faster
to use.

Things like reducing long and
complicated command se-
quences or repetitive typing to
one or two keystrokes.
Boilerplate. Macros. Changing
keyboard layouts. SmartKey II
Plus can do this too, but that's
about it. With XtraKey, you get
so much more.

Our comparison chart lists
just a few of XtraKey's
features. We could have in-
cluded XtraKey's built-in

screen dump to printer function, typewriter mode, caps lock function, printer on/off feature printer out-
put to screen redirection, or built-in menu. But we didn't. After all, things are one-sided enough.
XtraKey is easy-to-use and comes with a 90-page manual and quick reference card. Now only $39.95 .

FEATURES

XtraKey

SmartKey
II Plus

Keys may be redefined even while running another
program ("on-the-fly").

YES

Mistakes made while entering a definition can be cor-
rected without having to reenter.

YES

All keys, including numeric keypad and cursor keys,
can be directly redefined.

YES

Number of extra definition sets ("shifted") that can be
used at any one time.

Maximum number of characers per definition or all
definitions combined.

NO LIMIT

3,838

Bytes of memory required per 500 bytes of definition
data.

500

1,000

Definitions can be sent to printer, CRT, or punch
device (in any combination).

YES

Definitions can "chain to" or activate other
definitions.

YES

Automatic definition file loading.

YES

Disk space required in minimum configuration to use
and save definitions.

24K

SmartKey II Plus is a trademark of Software Research Technologies, Inc.

"It works and it's solid . . . well worth it . . ." Tom Enright, Technical Editor, Profiles

XScreen is the clever program that can make instant copies of your Kaypro's current screen display on
your printer OR save screen copies to disk in standard word processing text files. Works any time even
while running your favorite programs. Print out menus, addresses, spreadsheet totals, E-mail messaaes
etc. or save to disk and use your word processor to enter them into a report or a letter. XScreen is easy- '
to-use and requires no installation. Now only $19.95 . y

XtraTttdi

The Xperts' new system examination tool does
things your mother or DDT never taught you. There's
save console ouput to file; memory search, substitu-
tion and type; direct I/O; display parameters; screen
restore and more.

What's remarkable is that XtraTech allows your
system and other programs to run normally, yet you
have access to XT's features at any time. (For exam-
ple, you could patch WordStar while it's running and
see the effects of your patches immediately.)
XtraTech is menu-driven and requires no installation!
Only $19.95 .

Until now, CP/M users wanting to
print out extra-wide spreadsheets or
reports could only twiddle their
thumbs and watch while MS-DOS'ers
we're using a nifty program that turns
everything "sideways". Twiddle no
longer... Side2 for CP/M is here.
No more gluing or taping. Take that
25-year 200-column monster finan-
cial plan and print it down your paper
instead of across. Only $24.95 .

Side2 requires an Epson, Gemini or com-
patible dot-matrix printer. Works with any
program producing text file output in-
cluding Perfect Calc, dBase II, CalcStar,
WordStar etc.

ORDERING INFORMATION

All programs will run on ALL CP/M (8-bit) Kaypros. To order, send check or money order for program(s) plus $3.00 ship-

f . US Y and Cana ^ °nf°T : esldents MUST add 6% sales tax - SPECIAL OFFER - Order XtraKey and ge 7
o„h u?; r e T ° r .: 1°' ° n J y $m0 ° each - Speci,y computer model and disk format (single or double sided) VISA
and Master Card accepted (provide card number and expiration date). All orders please include telephone number.

Xpert Software, 8865 Polland Avenue, San Diego, CA 92123 (619) 268-0112

December 67

by Tom Enright

Kaypro has introduced a new
modular desktop ma-
chine—the Kaypro Profes-
sional Computer (KPC). This IBM-
compatible is based on circuit
cards plugged into an IBM-com-
patible bus-board rather than a tra-
ditional IBM-type motherboard
with I/O slots only for expansion.
The basic system consists of an
eggshell-white cabinet with a 132-
watt power supply, an 8088 pro-
cessor, 256K of memory, a parallel
port, a serial port, two 360K disk
drives, a video card that supports
both monochrome and RGB
monitors, an AT-style keyboard, a
monochrome monitor, and six open
expansion slots— all for $1,595,
including a typical Kaypro bundle
of business-related software.

The resemblance of the KPC to
the IBM PC AT is more than just
cosmetic. Inside the chassis are the
132-watt power supply, floppy disk
bay with room for two half-height
floppy drives and an area for
mounting one full-height hard disk
or two half-height units. The prime
departure from IBM traditionalism
is the motherboard. The only thing
you'll find on the KPC mother-
board, besides the clock/calendar,
is expansion slots— nine of them.

The cards

In the standard Kaypro Profes-
sional Computer three slots are
used for a functioning system.
These three slots are taken up by
the 8088 processor card, a special
multivideo card, and a multifunc-
tion card. This leaves three full-
length slots and three half-length
slots open for further expansion.

The standard processor card is
based on an 8088 microprocessor
running at 4.77 MHz. A socket on
the card is provided to add an 8087
math coprocessor. Other compo-
nents located on the processor card
are a speaker subsystem and three

68 Profiles

counter-timers. Purchasing the
processor card separately will cost
you $395, including software.

Kaypro's multifunction card has
room for 640K of RAM using three
banks of 256K chips. On the stan-
dard system only one bank of RAM
is populated, giving you 256K of
system memory. The multifunction
card is also home for the floppy disk
controller, a Centronics parallel
port, and an IBM-compatible serial
port. This card is available sepa-
rately for $325.

The KPC multivideo card sup-
ports monochrome, RGB color, and
composite video monitors. It fea-
tures a crisper, more readable char-
acter set than the standard IBM
color card, along with software-
selectable color or monochrome
modes. Color and graphics support
are the same as found on IBM's
color/graphics card. The multi-
video card is $395 if you purchase
it separately.

Kaypro is also working on an
80286 processor card for the KPC,
along with a hard-disk controller. In
addition, there are plans to offer a
conventional color/graphics card
and a monochrome card as extra-
cost options. Kaypro is also plan-
ning to market an XT version with
a 10-megabyte hard disk and one
floppy drive. The KPC XT, not
including a monitor or video card,

is planned to sell for $1,695.

Naturally, since all the cards are
available separately, so is the chas-
sis. The KPC chassis with power
supply, speaker, keyboard and one
floppy drive (no cards or software)
is available for $595.

Software

In standard Kaypro tradition, the
KPC comes with a bundle of busi-
ness-related software in addition to
the MS-DOS 2.11 operating sys-
tem. The software bundle consists
of WordStar Professional, Polywin-
dows, Mite, and GW-BASIC This
package is aimed at providing busi-
ness people with the basic software
for computerizing a business.

WordStar Professional includes
WordStar, MailMerge, CorrectStar,
and Starlndex. MailMerge uses dot
commands inserted in a WordStar
document file to print form letters
and merge "boilerplate" para-
graphs into finished documents.
CorrectStar is MicroPro's new spell-
ing checker. It highlights ques-
tionably spelled words in your
document and suggests possible
alternatives. Starlndex is used to
generate indexes for documents
produced with WordStar.

Polywindows is a desktop man-
ager similar to SideKick. It is a
memory-resident program that
includes functions for text editing,
an appointment book/calendar, a
card file, an alarm clock, a cal-
culator, plus some keyboard
enhancements.

Mite is the telecommunications
program that is bundled with both
8- and 16-bit Kaypro computers. It
has the capability of creating site
definitions for all the bulletin
boards or information utilities you
need to call.

GW-BASIC is the IBM BASICA-
compatible programming lan-
guage that comes with all Kaypro
MS-DOS computers. □

petrol

Add the power and convenience of
four useful desktop functions to just
about any software you use. How?
Let's say you're using your word
processor and need to do a few quick
calculations. You don't have to exit
the program or reach for your pocket
calculator — just press a key and
without leaving your word
processor... PRESTO! ...a window
opens on-screen and a calculator
appears! When you're finished
crunching numbers, just hit a key and
you're back to your word processor.
PRESTO! will bring added power and
productivity to virtually any software.
Order PRESTO! now and add
the features you want to the
software you use !

PRESTO! is just $39.95 and is available for all Kaypro and Osborne CP/M computers

Multi-Function Adds new

Software features to

a J . any software

Supercharger package!!

•Notepad: A screen-oriented text editor that uses Wordstar commands and
can be used within most existing CP/M software. The notepad can read and
search disk files and save data to disk. Sample applications provide index card
(Rolodex™-type) functions, an ASCII chart and an appointment book.

•Timepad: On clock-equipped machines, displays current time and date and a
calendar for any month and year. The stop watch function allows event timing
and an alarm clock is available to ring the bell at a preassigned time no matter
what other computing you're doing. PRESTO! supports many third-party clock
boards as well as Kaypro and Osborne Exec factory built-in clocks.

•Calculator: Two major sets of functions are provided by PRESTO'S
calculator. It operates as a standard four function, three memory floating point
calculator with a seven digit display and. it's a programmers calculator featuring a
number of special functions like negate, compliment, and logical operations as
well as binary, decimal, octal, hexidecimal and character modes.

•Screen Dump: Send anything you see on the screen to your printer or to a
disk file. Print screen images of your favorite software packages for later
reference or patch software screens directly into Wordstar™ files

ftttriBiit ffliflftf

Disk Format Conversion Utility

Now your computer can read, write and format
disks from other computers for less than $40
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New version 3.00 adds word processer

integration, box, line and circle drawing

modes and much more! Still just $79.95

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REMBRANDT gives you ihrea powerful and easy-to-use tools which unleash the
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rhir» e »fe U ^ ate fre t hand drawi "9s on-screen. GRAPH builds 9 bar charts pie
Millie iJSLSt u ^ m hand - e f ntered data or directly from data files generated by
MBASIC, dBase II, spreadsheets and most other programs. BRIEF creates slide

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December 69

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(continued from page 20)

(such as Hollywood memorabilia).
Write to Smithsonian Institution
Great Hall, Washington, DC 20560,
or phone (202) 357-2700.

Foreign affairs

It should come as no surprise that
news reports outside the bound-
aries of the U.S.A. are quite dif-
ferent from those that make up the
warp and woof of our major print
and broadcast media.

Would you like to read what the
Soviets are printing in Tass each
day? Well, Clearpoint International |
News offers daily transcriptions of
news gathered from foreign coun-
tries. A casual comparison of the
difference between the New York
Times, the BBC and Radio Moscow
will addict you to this free service.

Write to Clearpoint, P.O. Box
31577, San Francisco, CA, 94131.

Publicly speaking

The databases presented here
should hold you until the New Year,
when I'll cover an alternative to
commercial information utilities:
regional networks.

Meanwhile, here's the informa-
tion I promised about my BBS, The
Electronic Pub.

Board name: Electronic Pub
Location: San Diego, CA
Phone number: (619) 444-2442
Hours of operation: 6:00 p.m.
to 6:00 a.m. (PST)
Log-on: sign on as "newuser."
Password issued after entry.
Baud rate: 300/1200

The board is run on my faithful
Kaypro 2 (pre- 1984), and has five
megs of online storage available.
Online files detail the software and
hardware the Pub is running. I'm
looking forward to seeing you.

The postman never rings

Ah! Looks like I have to go. The mail
just arrived and my latest printout
from the Smithsonian is here.
Topic: UFOs. □

70 Profiles

Technical Forum

by Tom Enright

In prior installments of this col-
umn we've been discussing
some of the capabilities and fea-
tures of the MS-DOS and PC-DOS
operating systems. We've covered
named directories, pathnames,
and user-specified search paths.

The next question is what other
capabilities DOS has and what util-
ity programs come with DOS. We
don't have the space in this column
to cover all features and utilities of
DOS in detail. What we will do is
cover some of the high points. For
full coverage of DOS's power you
should invest in one or more books
on the subject.

Now back to our discussion of
what DOS can do for you. One side
effect of named directories in DOS
is that it's easy to forget what direc-
tories you've created and where
they're located. You could keep a
paper sketch of your directory
structure next to the computer, but
since a piece of paper is too easily
misplaced, DOS gives you a TREE
program.

Listing your directory
structure

What TREE.EXE does is list your
directory structure out on the
screen. If you append the optional
"/F" to the command line, the
member files of each directory are
listed under the name of each direc-
tory. To see your complete directory
structure and all the files in every
directory, the command would be
TREE /F.

Another method is to use the
internal DIR command or the direc-
tory program bundled with Kaypro
16 computers. With the DIR com-
mand, subdirectories are listed
with "<DIR>" in place of the file
type. The directory program that
Kaypro bundles accepts an argu-
ment of "/A" to list subdirectories
along with member files.

I/O redirection

Suppose that you didn't want the
listing of your directory structure
printed on the screen. You might
want it to go to your printer or into a
text file for later reference. Thafs
where the ability to redirect pro-
gram I/O is so tremendously
convenient.

I/O redirection is a UNIX-like fea-
ture that DOS has implemented.
Briefly, I/O redirection allows you to
reroute a program's input or output
from one device to another one.
Input to a program can be taken
from a disk file rather than the
keyboard, and output can be sent
to a disk file or the printer rather
than to the screen.

You specify that you want I/O
redirected by using the "greater
than" symbol (>) and "less than"
symbol ( < ) . Suppose you wanted to
send the output of the TREE pro-
gram to a disk file called STRUC-
DIR rather than to the screen. In
that case you would type TREE
>STRUC.DIR instead of just plain
TREE.

If you had another program
called JIGSAWCOM that always
needed the same command input,
you could automate it by redirect-
ing its input. You would prepare a
text file that contained all the input
commands and call it, say,
JGCOM.TXT Then you could type
JIGSAW < JGCOM.TXT and get
something else done while JIGSAW
took all of its command input from
JGCOM.TXT.

You could even redirect both
input and output for the same pro-
gram. In our JIGSAW program you
could have redirected both input
and output to disk files by typing
JIGSAW < JGCOM.TXT >RE-
SULT.TXT. That way you could
check the text file that has the out-
put of JIGSAW before printing it or
whatever else you would normally
do with it.

Pipes

This brings us to the next UNIX-
like feature of DOS: pipes. A pipe
passes program output through
something else on the way to its
normal destination. This is the
same thing a water pipe does— it
forms a connection between the ori-
gin and destination.

A good example would be the
TYPE command in DOS. Just like
the command of the same name in
CP/M, it doesn't pause the text as it
is sent to the screen. You either have
to read very fast or, in DOS, press
CTRL-NUM LOCK to stop the out-
put while you read it and then press
CTRL-SCROLL LOCK to start it up
again. Decidedly inconvenient.

By using a DOS pipe called
MORE, you can have the output
sent one screenful at a time. The

commandTYPEFOO.TXT I MORE

sends the contents of FOO.TXT to
the screen 24 lines at a time. When
the screen is full, output pauses
until you press any key.

Pipes are specified on the com-
mand line by preceding them with
a vertical bar (I) followed by the pipe
name. DOS includes pipes for paus-
ing screen output (MORE), sorting
output (SORT), and to search a text
file for a particular string of charac-
ters (FIND).

Incompatible software

We've been getting a lot of letters
from Kaypro owners who have
more than one Kaypro. The prob-
lem they've encountered is the
inability to run some software from
new machines on an older Kaypro
model. This has been especially
prevalent with software that came
with the newest Kaypro models
that sign on CP/M 2.2ul.

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output
System) for this revision of CP/M
2.2 is radically different from prior
Kaypro revisions. What Kaypro has
done is come up with a BIOS where

December 71

«5*5&\^Ev! ; ijJi:

Outline Processing
and More for CP/M !

$75 Complete'

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Overseas add $20.00 S/H

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December 31, 1985.

KAMAS is available for most Z80, CP/M
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VISA/MC Call: 503 - 649-3765, or Write:

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Aloha, Oregon 97007

KAMAS, Z80 & CP/M are trademarks of KAMASOFT,
Inc., Zilog, Inc., & Digital Research Inc., respectively.

As an idea craftsman, you use your mind

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concepts, then manipulate them to

discover, refine, convey dynamic new

thoughts.

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creative grasp is well within your reach.

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you to jot down ideas quickly, as you think
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Then develop your ideas using a familiar
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72 Profiles

the ROM-resident portion is the
same for all CP/M Kaypros. Part of
this BIOS, and all prior ones, is a
translation table to alter the codes
sent by the cursor and keypad keys
into the ASCII values that Kaypro
wants those keys to have. The loca-
tion of this translation table is the
cause of the entire problem.

The programs that give trouble
when run on older machines are
the bundled versions of WordStar,
DataStar, and any bundled pro-
gram making use of cursor keys.

WordStar's patch

Using WordStar as an example, the
following sequence of events takes
place: Kaypro's WordStar has been
patched to go into the translation
table in the BIOS. It then saves the
ASCII code produced by each cur-
sor key and replaces each ASCII
code with the value that it prefers
( A E, ax, as, and ad). That way the
cursor keys now send the cursor
movement codes that WordStar
wants, rather than ah, al, aj, and
A K. When you exit WordStar, the
cursor keys are restored to their
original codes.

The problem is that the BIOS for
CP/M 2.2ul has the translation
table in an entirely different loca-
tion than in prior revisions. So,
when you try to run a WordStar
that came with 2 . 2u 1 , it overwrites
a totally different portion of the
BIOS than was intended. At that
point the program appears to go
completely nuts. When you exit
from WordStar, the portion of the
BIOS that was overwritten is re-
stored to its original state and
everything works properly again.
This situation exists only on
bundled software that uses the cur-
sor keys. But some users, as well as
a few dealers, have jumped to the
conclusion that no software writ-
ten for CP/M 2.2ul Kaypros will
run on older machines. Wrong!
New MicroPro software, for CP/M

2.2ul, won't run properly on older
Kaypros because of the cursor key
patch. The only other programs
that aren't portable are machine-
specific utilities like DUTIL or CON-
FIG. The only other exceptions are

programs that use video attributes
available on '84 series Kaypros but
not on the '83 series. There has
never been any inherent incom-
patibility among different models
of CP/M Kaypros. □

Something Extra

Extra Desk with its address /phone list, appointment file, printing
calculator, clipboard, notepad, reference file, and disk commands
all just a keystroke away $49.95**

Extra Pad, the super integrated notepad that combines simple word
processing, printing, in-text calculations, and bar chart generation
into one easy-to-use program $49.95*

Extra Wide, for those wide (120 chr/lin) printing jobs, prints any
text file sideways on your dot matrix printer [Epson, Facit 4511
Gemini, NEC Pinwriter, Citizen] $24.95*

Extra Calc, the 4-function printing calculator with audit tape
marking and online library that puts over a hundred formulas and
conversions right at your fingertips 24.95*

Qprint, with its selection of correspondence-quality fonts produces
great-looking documents on your dot matrix printer [Epson Facit
4511, NEC Pinwriter, Citizen MSP] $29.95*

Qfont to create customized fonts (with QPRINT) $44.95*

All crafted with care

from Point

*for all Kaypro CP/M systems
**for Kaypro 1, 2-84, 2X, 4-84, 4X, 10, 10-84 & Robie
Terms: check, M/C, VISA (add 6% sales tax in CA.)

Point Data Products (619) 237-2052

Suite 403, 6065 Mission Gorge Road., San Diego, CA 92120

Books in Brief

by Dick Lutz

The holidays seem to me a
time when we ought to step
back from it all— put aside
our nuts-and-bolts books that
explore the intricacies of CP/M, MS-
DOS or WordStar techniques and
look at a bigger picture. That also
suggests a good plan of attack for
parents and computer-widow(er)s
who feel a need for something with
which to wean the family computer
buff away from bits, bytes, and
keystrokes.

With that in mind, here is a
Christmas list— just the sort of
thing you can leave open on the
coffee table if you want to help out
the folks who are wondering what
in the world to get you for Christ-
mas this year.

This Christmas list is heavy on
the subject of (capitals and the echo
chamber, please) Artificial Intel-
ligence. It's a topic that's come into
its own and is getting hotter by the
day. (Well, by the month, anyway.)
And it's a subject that you can grow
into and with. It's one of those revo-
lutionary developments in the
affairs of humankind that will take
place almost completely during
your lifetime. So, just as the real
old-timers can talk these days
about the first aircraft they ever
saw in flight, this is the kind of
reading that prepares you to be a
grandparent.

The best news of all is that Pam-
ela McCorduck's Machines Who
Think is in paperback (WH. Free-
man, $11.95). To my thinking, it's
the pacesetter among books that
bring an understanding of AI to the
layperson. More about this book
further on.

Books on artificial
intelligence

Here are some of the recent books
on AI that can turn you into the
best-informed person on your
block— as long as you don't live

74 Profiles

down the street from one of the
authors.

Artificial Intelligence: How
Machines Think, by F. David Peat,
presents some real examples of the
education of an "intelligent, learn-
ing" program. He manages to con-
vey the sense of how a truly dumb
box of electronic parts can simulate
some kinds of intelligent knowl-
edge and behavior. It's $8.95 from
Baen Publishing.

Roger Schank is one of the lead-
ing lights of AI. With Peter G. Child-
ers, he's produced an Addison-
Wesley book called The Cognitive
Computer: On Language Learn-
ing and Artificial Intelligence. It
goes for $17.95.

Minds Over Matter— A New
Look at Artificial Intelligence, by
Jeffrey Rothfeder, is up to date and
solidly informative page after page.
It's $15.95 from Simon & Schuster.
A book that should probably be
more widely read in government
circles is The Fifth Generation:
Artificial Intelligence and Ja-
pan's Computer Challenge to the
World, the stuff of which public
policy might be crafted. It's by
Edward A. Feigenbaum and Pam-
ela McCorduck, published in paper-
back by Signet for $3.95.

Another leading light, Donald
Michie, has joined with writer Rory
Johnston to produce The Knowl-
edge Machine— Artificial Intel-
ligence and the Future of Man, at
$16.95 from Morrow. (If you put
McCorduck's Machines Who
Think at the head of this list, these
books move from history through
today's concrete facts and figures
and into speculation and issues—
and this last book gives thoughtful
consideration to where people
might fit in as AI moves forward.)
Cohabiting With Computers is
a collection edited by Joseph F.
Traub for William Kaufmann, Inc.
Issues are the meat of this book,

which contains essays by (among
others) IBM's Lewis F. Branscomb
and Nobel prizewinner Herbert
Simon.

The Biology of Computer Life,
by Geoff Simons, is subtitled "Sur-
vival, Emotion, and Free Will." It
carries forward the idea of comput-
ers as an emerging form of life,
asking wrenching questions like
"Will computers be content to
simply mind the store?" It's from
Birkhauser for $ 1 1 .95.

The Second Self— Computers
and the Human Spirit, by Sherry
Turkle, also delves into some key
issues. It's $8.95 from Simon &
Schuster.

Related, but moving away from
AI a bit, is TechnoStress—The
Human Cost of the Computer Rev-
olution, by Craig Brod. This
rounds out the discussion of issues
and is $ 1 6 . 9 5 from Addison-Wesley.
This list of books should provide
a pretty good background for keep-
ing up with the issues as they
develop. AI is one of those latent
areas of computer science and
social revolution that will require
treatment over and over again in
future books.

The AI pacesetter

McCorduck's Machines Who
Think provides a pretty good basis
for understanding how the ball got
rolling in this exciting field. "To
know intelligence well enough to be
able to build a working model of it,"
she writes, "is surely one of the
most intellectually exciting and
spiritually challenging problems of
the human race."

She delivers on that promise of
adventure with an account that is
elegantly crafted, exciting because
it's fact, but suspenseful because
we don't yet know where AI will
take us.

Its an exciting book and an excit-
ing winter of reading.

Other gift books

But if AI just isn't your thing, here
are some other possibilities:

The Joy of Computers, by Peter
Laurie, is a large-format book from
Little, Brown that is terrifically well
illustrated. At $19.95, this is a
priceless investment if you can
leave it lying around where a young
person might be drawn in by the
diagrams. In a day when kids play
video games more than they read,
here's something that just might
get them reading about the ma-
chines they find so intriguing.

Dean Gengle's The Netweaver's
Sourcebook discusses technology-
related social change in the context
of the broad sweep of microcom-
puter communications. It's $14.95
from Addison-Wesley

Another Geoff Simons book,
Computer Bits and Pieces, makes
good bedtime reading. It consists of
short takes of less than a page, and
its alternate title sets up the con-
tents: "A Compendium of Curi-
osities." Penguin puts it out at
$4.95.

Good computer-based fiction
can be had in William S. Davies'
The NECEN Voyage ($9.95,
Addison-Wesley), in which a crack
team of computer scientists is
shrunk to "bit-size" so they can
infiltrate a central computer that
controls everything in the north-
east United States. Along the way,
the book educates us about digital
representation of data.

For the reader who's incurably
serious about computers, any of
the James Martin books make a
great gift. Telematic Society ($25)
or Future Developments in Tele-
communications ($49.95) are two
titles worth reading, both from
Prentice-Hall.

Finally, two very different books:
Tracy Kidder won a Pulitzer prize
with Soul of a New Machine, and it
makes a good gift in paperback

from Avon at $3.95 for anybody
who hasn't yet gotten around to
reading it. And for computerists
who are worried about the big
switch to MS/PC-DOS and what it'll

cost them in software, I suggest the
notably thick IBM PC Public
Domain Software, which is a com-
pendium of free and almost-free
programs. It's $24.95. q

Open the door to diskette
compatibility with UniForm!

Just $69.95 turns one of your floppy drives into
a "look-alike" of most popular CP/M* computers.

UniForm is the easy and inexpensive way to enable your
CP/M computer to directly read, write and format diskettes
from the most popular CP/M micros. This innovative
program actually emulates the desired foreign drive. Files
that were previously incompatible work flawlessly with your
own software tools, such as word processors, database
managers and spreadsheets. In addition, you can transfer
files to or from MS-DOS.**

Menu-driven UniForm is mastered in just minutes—
simply load, select the proper diskette formatand go!
Operation of your :'.'.. ,M

software is-un-
changed. At ;.
just $69:9,5, ,
compatibility^
never cost ...
so little!

al Research
3softCorc J -

uniForm is available

','' from your local

ctsrrtputer dealer or

, .Micro Solutions.

-or us"ers,of IBM PC,

'/ PC-XT,' PC-AT or

* ■-••.compatibles,

'' UniForm-PC

"•»\ provides direct

ii, access to CP/M

data diskettes.

W:, Also just

l *X $69.95.

jBlutjons

Vmmb, IL 6.

December 75

STOCKCHIP

OWN STOCKS PLAN TO OWN STOCK? OWN AN IRA?

_, ^Record all transactions

►^Analyze performance
^Prepare complicated tax

form entries even with
difficult utility shares
■^Project long/short term gain

and loss
^Compute hypothetical buys

and sells
►'Maintain complete records
^Check bottom line profit and

loss in a matter of seconds
^Generates 8 different reports
^Accepts up to 300 stocks
^Plus many other features
^Available on PC/MS-DOS

and CP/M-80

For those who now own and for those who plan to own STOCK INVESTMENTS. . .
Stanton Software offers a complete, comprehensive, and most of all. . .hAbY iu ust,
Stock Portfolio Management Program.

Quality Assured, thorough documentation, menu-driven

Reasonably priced at $149 with potential tax benefits (add $3.00 shipping).

TO ORDER Call 314-576-7482 or write to:

STANTON SOFTWARE • Box 28762 . St. Louis, Mo. 63146

MASTER CARD* VISA* MONEY ORDER * SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

:: Beginners Luck

From CDE Software ....
CHECKS& BALANCES SALE $64.95
BOWLING LEAGUE SECRETARY SALE$74.95

(Both Programs 30 Day Money Back Guarantee)

$39.95 *
PRO-Mail

PRO-Mail is the Best-Bar none • Check .these Features

• Lists* Labels up to4 Across* Unlimited Sorts* Change Sorts After
Input • Duplicate Removal • Change Disks inside Program • Built in
Backup • Upto2 Comment Fields* Search any Field • Mailmerge
Compatable.

Homelnventory(+) $ f 9 ' 9 .^

Home Inventory(-f) is a complete personal inventory storage& retrieval system. All
math is done within the program. Printouts are clear & completes give you desig-
nated sub-totals& totals. Allows for unlimited data files. Change data disks while the

program is running. Multiple searches. Perfect for insurance needs, home or office.

24 95
Trivia Supreme ,

A computer trivia game with 2200 questions, and four catagones: Sports, ComicsS
Cartoons TV & Screen and Pot Luck. Keeps score, fun for all.

ALSO

• Recipe Index $29.95 • Checks Index •?"'®5

• Super "C $19.95 • PRO Football $19.95

• • * HOLIDAY SPECIAL • • •

Buy any two programs and get a Program of equal or Lesser

Value "FREE"

SPECIFY COMPUTER MODEL- CREDIT CARD ADD 3%

Add $3.00 S& H, $5.00 UPS 2nd Day Air, outside U.S. $7.00

r^sn * HURD COMPUTER SYSTEMS *

6330 Lincoln Avenue • Cypress, CA 90630 • (714) 220-2729

(continued from page 67)

all the files having first and last
names— that is, all of them.

(By the way, you can use wild-
cards with the DIR command also.
Thus "DIR *.LTR" would list only
the files on your diskette that have
the extension .LTR.)

The other built-in commands
aren't nearly so dangerous. The
next one simply lets you know the
contents of a file. If, say, you wanted
to check that the file on your dis-
kette in the B drive was in fact the
latest legal threat, you would enter:
A>TYPE B:SUE-FRED.LTR

Granted, the TYPE command is
rather unsophisticated: once CP/M
finds the file, it starts putting it on
the screen as fast as it can. You have
to have fast hands to stop the dis-
play from scrolling the entire file
past you before you know it.

(You do this by pressing the
"CTRL" key and striking the "s".
This stops the display cold. To start
scrolling again, just press another
key.)

Another useful command is
REN, short for REName. It allows
you to change your mind about
what you're calling a disk file. Sup-
pose you decide to write yet another
letter to that no-account Fred, and
this time you really are going to
sue. Since you want the new letter
to be called "SUE-FRED," you
enter: A>REN BUG-FRED.LTR=
SUE- FRED.LTR

This somewhat awkward equa-
tion tells CP/M to change the name
of your first letter to "BUG-FRED,"
without changing the actual con-
tents of the file.

There are two other built-in com-
mands, SAVE and USER. The first,
SAVE, is of use only to a few pro-
grammers; its left over from the
early days of CP/M's use as a pro-
grammer's development tool. USER
is a different matter. USER is a
command that lets you move from
one user area to another. If you
haven't got a Kaypro 10 with a hard

76 Profiles

disk, you can safely forget this one.
For those who do have a hard disk,
the command is pretty simple:
enter USER followed by the num-
ber of the user area you want to
move to.

External commands

As mentioned earlier, external
commands are really stand-alone
programs. You can see which ones
are on what disk by using the DIR
command. A better description
than "external command" would
be "utility program."

Two of the more useful utility
programs you should become
familiar with are D.COM and
PIRCOM. D.COM is a directory pro-
gram that lists the files on your
disks sorted in alphabetical order
and tells you how big each file is.
PIE COM is used to transfer disk
files from one place to another. Nor-
mally PIP (which stands for Pe-
ripheral Interchange Program) is
used to move a file from one disk to
another, such as PIP B:=A:D.COM
to move the program D.COM from
the diskette in drive A to the dis-
kette in drive B.

One last type of command that
you will be giving your Kaypro is a
command to start an applications
program such as WordStar, as in
the example used earlier. Applica-
tions programs are programs that
perform tasks not specifically tied
to housekeeping functions. Word
processors, spreadsheets, and
accounting programs all are types
of applications programs.

Tyler Sperry is a freelance writer
and former Editor of PROFILES.
He has a great deal of both exper-
tise and experience wi th the hard-
ware and software aspects of
Kaypro computers. Mr. Sperry
was a member of the engineering
team responsible for producing
the first Kaypro II (then called the
KayComp) in 1982. a

FOR PERSONAL OR BUSINESS, IT'S.

Checks Balances

THE BEST
SINGLE-ENTRY
ALTERNATIVE

TO THOSE
CUMBERSOME
DOUBLE-ENTRY

SYSTEMS

ONLY $74.95

*" Expanded 180-page manual and tutorial.
*" Combined reports for multiple checkbooks.

* Detailed balance sheet and budget reports.

v Check writer handles nearly any check. Configuration for five
checks from Deluxe Computer Forms included.

<■" Prints labels, cards and address envelopes from the Rolodex.

c Keeps logs of mileage and travel for tax records.

*" FAST!!! Totally full screen operation -correct any entry just
by typing over like your word processor. Compiled in
assembler for speed. Not a Basic program.

' Simple but powerful ENGLISH commands.

* Keeps a full year at a time-calendar or fiscal!

* Enter over 45 characters of memo with each transaction.

30 DAY GUARANTEE • NOT COPY PROTECTED

ALSO AVAILABLE FROM CDE
BOWLING LEAGUE SECRETARY $89.95

CDE Software's latest release from the authors of Checks &
Balances. Our Bowling League Secretary is an invaluable tool for
bowling league secretaries. It computes team standings, averages
handicaps, rotation schedules, and much more..

COMPAT by Mycroft Labs CDE Price $65.00

Drive your computer schizo-with Compat you can read and
format over 75 CP/M-80, CP/M-86 and MS-DOS disk formats
Available for the Kaypro 2, 2/84, 2X, 4/84 and 10, Sanyo 1 150 and
1250, Zenith Z-100 and many more.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS (C&B and BOWL-
ING SECRETARY): CP/M-64K RAM, 80x24
screen. MS-DOS/PC-DOS- 192K RAM. All require
two floppies, RAM disk or hard disk.
ORDERING INFORMATION: Visa or MC ac-
cepted. Please include $3 P&H per order, COD $4
extra. Outside USA, $10 P&H per order, no COD.

CDE SOFTWARE

948 Tularosa Drive

Los Angeles, CA 90026

(213) 661-2031

CHECKS & BALANCES IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM:

VALCON • 1260 Westwood • Redwood City, CA 94061 • (415) 369-2034

HURD COMPUTER SYSTEMS • 6330 Lincoln Avenue • Cypress, CA 90630 • (714) 220-2729

MYCROFT DISTRIBUTORS*/ P.O. Box 6045 • Tallahassee, FL 32314 • (904) 385-1141

MICROGRAPH • 144 Lakeside Drive • Peachtree, GA 30269 • (404) 487-4617

COLLIN COUNTY MLS • 1021 E. 15th • Piano, TX 75074 • (214) 423-6211

COMPUTER NETWORK • 888 East 3300 South • Salt Lake City, LIT 84106 • (801) 467-6000

PEOPLETALK • P.O. Box 863652 • Piano, TX 75086 • (800) 782-6657

ADVENT PRODUCTS* • 3154-F E. La Palma Ave. • Anaheim, CA 95806 • (800) 821-8778

* Regional Distributor In California- (800) 521-7182

December 77

Sidekick for CP/M!

Write-Hand-Man

Desk Accessories for CP/M

NEW! Now with automatic screen

refresh!

Suspend CP/M applications such as WordStar,
dBase, and SuperCalc, with a single keystroke and
look up phone numbers, edit a notepad, make
appointments, view files and directories, commu-
nicate with other computers, and do simple
arithmetic. Return to undisturbed application! All
made possible by Write-Hand-Man. Ready to run
after a simple terminal configuration! No

installation required.

Don't be put down by 16 bit computer owners.

Now any CP/M Z2 machine can have the power

of Sidekick

Bonus! User extendable! Add your own

applications.

$49.95 plus tax (California residents), shipping
included! Volume and dealer discounts.
Available on IBM 8 inch and Northstar 5 inch disks.
Other 5 inch formats available with a $5.00 handling
charge. CP/M 2.2 required; CP/M 3 not supported.
COD or checks ok, no credit cards

Poor Person Software

3721 Starr King Circle

Palo Alto, CA 94306

tel 415-493-3735

Write-Hand-Man trademark of Poor Person Software,

CP/M trademark of Digital Research, Sidekick trademark of
Borland International, dBase trademark of Ashton-Tate,
WordStar trademark of Micropro, SuperCalc a trademark
of Sorcim. ,

VU*MOR

BOOK RACK FOR YOUR

•,'/-■:.";?"/•'*;;/

"IS

VU*MOR 19.95

CLIP*MOR 4.95

SHIPPING 3.00

MICROTECH, INC. m/m

911 Western Ave. #210A ,-J^^l
Seattle, WA 98104 MRE)

206-467-0630 (SUPy

Terms: M/C, VISA, COD, Check. Tax 7.9%
for WA Residents. Kaypro is a registered
Trademark of Kaypro Corp.

Advertisers' Index

Advertiser Page No.

Advent Products 15,40,41

Alpine Data 13

Arizona Plastics ■ 1]

B.C. Software 44

Bible Research Systems 70

Borland International ■ 9

C. Atkinson Programs 19

CDE Software '~™JL

Central Computer Products . . . 212223

Chaucer Software -5

Civil Computing 19

CompuServe 47

Computer Friends -7

Computer Perfect 57

Computer Professionals, Inc 31

Controlled Print-Out Devices _78

Cuesta Systems 50

Custom Program House 13

Diskette Connection 43

Diversified Software .11

Financial Track Systems 36

Freshware ; ■ ^ '

H & E Computronics Back Cover

High Tech Research Inside Front Cover

High Technology, Inc _6

Highland Microkit 54

Hurd Computers 76

Intersecting Concepts .32

James River Group oO

Kamasoft •/*

Komputerwerk 'O

Micro Art Programmers 16

Micro Cornucopia 33

Micro Horizons 66

MicroR&D 16

Micro Solutions /b

Advertiser

Page No.

Microcomputer Sys. Consultants. ... 63

Micropro 64,65

Microsphere 1

Microtech, Inc 78

Mycroft Labs Inside Back Cover

Ohio Plastic & Safety Products 54

Omnicom 4

Paradigm Consultants 61

PeopleTalk Associates 28,29

Plu*Perfect Systems 36

Point Data Products 73

Poor Person Software 78

Practical Business Software 59

PROFILES Magazine 58

Quadravoice 66

Resource Software International . . . 60
Rocky Mountain Software Systems . 37

Rose Associates 72

Second City Software 14

Seitz Corporation 20

SOS Computing 42

Southwest Computing 14

Spectre Technologies 69

Stanton Software 76

SunSoft Inc 45

SWP 43

Techware 62

Telion Software 53

Traveling Software 79

TSKJnc 18

Walonick Associates 18

WestWind Computer 2

Woodsmith Software 20

Workman ck Associates 62

Xpert Software 67

Update your OKIDATA

and other open spool printers

with our patented self-inking ribbons.

Controlled Printout Devices will outlast ordinary spooled ribbons at least 15 to 1.

Please write or phone for complete information.
Name

Address

City

State .

Zip.

CONTROLLED PRINTOUT DEVICES, INC.

P.O. Box 869, Baldwin Road

Arden, North Carolina 28704

(704) 684-9044

7 8 Profiles

FREE

SOFTWARE

. . .details below

GET THE MOST
OUT OF YOUR MS-DOS KAYPRO

with Traveling Software.

To order, or find the dealer nearest you,

CALL 1-800-343-8080

dealer inquiries invited

FREE APPOINTMENT MANAGER

($100 value'.} with any

order on or before

Dec. 31, 1985.

6 6 The program and manual were user
friendly. . .an excellent value. § § Mary
Jeann Batham, Portable 100/200. May 1984

Traveling
Appointment
Manager ™

Maintain a detailed list of appointments and things-to-do Consult on-
screen or printed records. Automatically reschedule recurrinq appoint-
ments. Provides a multiple keyed "Traveldex" database for keeping names
addresses, and notes. Also provides automatic phone dialing and the
generation of mailing labels. $99.95

Traveling
Project
Manager ™

6 6.. very useful in helping me track my
projects...simple... provides useful data and
printouts. 9 9 J. Michael Masterson, strate-
gic projects manager.
Tracks expenditures in time, dollars, or other units for several projects at
once. Provides reports and graphs, both printed and on-screen show-
ing status of project budgets and schedules. $99.95

TRAVELING

SOFTWARE

-£-

Traveling Software, Inc.
11050 Fifth Avenue, N.E.
Seattle, WA 98125
|206) 367-8090

Traveling § (...the Traveling Expense Manager is well-

CXpenSe thought-out and keeps track of exactly the

Manager ™ type of informa tion that you need while you

are on the road. It's everything you need to

keep your boss—and the IRS— happy 9 9

Dan Robinson, InfoWorld, July 30, 1984

Define expense categories. Record expenses to any account Indicate if

a business expense is billable. Produce reports by client or project and the

type of expense. View bar graphs of budget and actual expenditures

Traveling
Time
Manager ™

6 6. ..first class software, a valuable tool for
consultants and others billing clients by the
hour 9 9 John P. Mello, Portable 100/200
April 1984.

Id7nrir! m t,m PePt °" ^^ ° T *"" * Climt **>* ^ OUr 0Wn » n 9 r «e.
Identify time expenditures as billable or nonviable. Clock feature times

^pS theyhappen - New version deludes a complete billing and
receivables option, as well as a client card-file database. Prints man? time
and billing analysis reports, as well as mailing labels. $199.95

ACCOUNTING FOR MICROS is a set o

integrated accounting programs which
meet professional standards. They're
fast and easy to use, with complete in-
structions. Our manual (shown above)
also includes helpful information on %
bookkeeping and computers.

GENERAL LEDGER $125

Allows up to 1,000 accounts & 1,000
transactions/month. Retains mo/end
balances for Last year, This Year and
Forecast. Includes Cash Disburse-
ments, Cash Receipts and General
Journals. Reports include Balance
Sheet, Income Statement, Annual
Summaries and Journal Reports.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE $125

Allows up to 2,500 customers and 1,000
invoices per month. Invoicing can access
Inventory Module. Keeps customer
names and addresses. Invoice prints on
plain paper or any pre-printed form.
Statements can be printed at any time.

INVENTORY $125

Allows up to 4,000 parts. Keeps 3
month history of unit sales as well as
year to date. With AR, can be used as
point of sale system (prints invoices,
handles cash). Reports include Inven-
tory Value and Stock Report, Internal
and Customer Price List.

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE $125

Allows up to 50(>;VeriacpPa600 in-
voices/mo. Record|||PWes and hand-
written checks. Prints computer checks
on any pre-printed form. Keeps vendor
names and addresses.

PAYROLL $125

Will handle up to 100 employees with
eight deductions per employee. Deduc-
tions may be determined as fixed dollar
amounts or percentages, or referred to
a table for automatic look-up. Tax tables
are easily entered, or purchased sepa-
rately. Prints checks and W2's.

SET OF FIVE $465

SET OF FOUR $395

SET OF THREE $325

RUN ON MOST CPM AND MSDOS

Try all 5 programs above (GL, AR, AP,
IN, PR). Order our DEMO DISK for
$18.00 (includes shipping). Condensed
versions of the programs give you the
"feel" of data entry and access. Includes
sample reports and instructions. Specify
machine.

Apple CPM
Columbia
Compaq
Corona
Eagle (all)
Epson QX-10

IBM PCMPC jr.AT Sanyo (all)

Kaypro (all)
Morrow (all)
Osborne (all)
Panasonic
Radio Shack CPM

Tandy (all)
TeleVideo
Zenith 100 & 150
8 " CPM
Other compatibles

TMAN $125

The "Catch-All" program. Files any
type of information for quick access.
Name or subject oriented with 15 lines
of notes per name. Use TMAN as a
mailing list, filing system, notebook,
etc. Can be used alone or with data
from our other programs.
Try TMAN DEMO $16

HOW TO ORDER: Please specify machine
and disk format. You can pay by check,
by VISA or MasterCard (we need your
expiration date and card number), or by
UPS COD (add $2.50 COD charge). Our
price includes shipping. Minnesota resi-
dents, add 6% sales tax). We ship most
orders the same day.
or ORDER BY PHONE: 612-339-2521

Tames River Group

INCORPORATED

(612)339-2521

125 North First Street
Minneapolis, MN 55401

COMPAT

Format and read different disks. Gain COMP/lfability
with a variety of disk formats. Improve data
processing efficiency by eliminating incompatibility
between different brands of microcomputers.

COMPAT allows you to simulate exactly the drives of
up to 90 CP/M systems. COMPAT also allows users to
transfer files to/from various MS-DOS formats without
the use of an intermediate disk.

• Requires less disk space

• Formats up to 10 times faster than other interchange
programs

• Allows users to convert either or both drives

• Offers an independent file utility program (MYCOPY).

COMPAT users agree, it's the most versatile product of
its kind on the market today. We think you'll agree.
Simply complete and return this coupon or call for
immediate delivery.

Available for Kaypro*, Sanyo*, Zorba*, Televideo* , aid Zenith*. PRO DECl

Enclosed is $95.00 ( P | US $4.35 shipping).
Florida residents add applicable state sales tax.

Name

Company.

. State .

Street Address

City. __

Phone ( )

q Check □ VISA □ MasterCard

Card No Exp. Date-

Zip.

Signature.

Mycroft Labs, Inc.
P.O. Box 6045
Dept. PND

Tallahassee, FL 32314
Phone (904) 385-1141

mUCROFT

INC

'Registered Trademarks

Introducing the Most Powerful
Business Software Ever!

FOR YOUR TRS-80 • IBM • APPLE • KAYPRO • COMMODORE 64 • MSDOS OR CP/M COMPUTER*

srtfe

cezfffflfoOT

TK^VersaBusiness™ Series

Each VEBSABUSINESS module can be
or can be linked in any combination to form

VERSARECEIVABLES™ $99.95 .„..'. ,

VERSA RECEIVABLES™ is a complete menu-driven accounts receivable, invoicing, ana
monthly statement-generating system. It keeps track of all information related to who
owes you or your company money, and can provide automatic billing for past due ac-
counts VERSARECEIVABLES™ prints all necessary statements, invoices, and summary
reports and can be linked with VERSALEDGER II™ and VERSAlNVENTORY .

VERSAPAYABLES™ $99.95

VERSA PAYABLES" is designed to keep track of current and aged payables, keeping you
in touch with all information regarding how much money your company owes, and to
whom VERSA PAYABLES™ maintains a complete record on each vendor, prints checks,
check registers, vouchers, transaction reports, aged payables reports, vendor reports
and more. With VERSAPAYABLES™, you can even let your computer automatically select
which vouchers are to be paid.

VersaPayroll™ $ 99 - 95 . „ t *-

VERSAPAYROLL™ is a powerful and sophisticated, but easy to use payroll system that
keeps track of all government-required payroll information. Complete employee records
are maintained, and all necessary payroll calculations are performed automatically, with
totals displayed on screen for operator approval. A payroll can be run totally, automati-
cally or the operator can intervene to prevent a check from being printed, or to alter
information on it. If desired, totals may be posted to the VERSALEDGER IF system.

VERSAlNVENTORY™ $99.95

VERSAlNVENTORY™ is a complete inventory control system that gives you instant access
to data on any item. VERSAlNVENTORY™ keeps track of all information related to what
items are in stock, out of stock, on backorder, etc., stores sales and pricing data alerts
you when an item falls below a preset reorder point, and allows you to enter and print
invoices directly or to link with the VERSARECEIVABLES™ system. VERSAlNVENTORY™ prints
all needed inventory listings, reports of items below reorder point, inventory value re-
ports period and year-to-date sales reports, price lists, inventory checklists, etc.

50 N. PASCACK ROAD, SPRING VALLEY, N.Y. 10977

purchased and used independently,

a complete, coordinated business system.

VERSALEDGER ir" $149.95

VERSALEDGER IT" is a complete accounting system that grows as your business
qrows VersaLedger IF" can be used as a simple personal checkbook register,
Expanded to a small business bookkeeping system or developed into a large
corporate general ledger system without any additional software.

• VersaLedger H™ gives you almost unlimited storage capacity

(300 to 10,000 entries per month, depending on the system)

• stores all check and general ledger information forever,

• prints tractor-feed checks,

• handles multiple checkbooks and general ledgers,

• prints 17 customized accounting reports including check registers,
balance sheets, income statements, transaction reports, account
listings, etc.

VERSALEDGER IT comes with a professionally-written 160 page manual de-
signed for first-time users. The VersaLedger H™ manual will help you become
quickly familiar with VersaLedger IT", using complete sample data files
supplied on diskette and more than 50 pages of sample printouts.

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!

may return it Shin 30 days for a refund. Manuals for any VERSABUS1NESS™ module may be
purchased for $25 each, credited toward a later purchase of nat module.
All CP/M-based Computers must be equipped with Microsott BASIL
(MBASIC or BASIC-80)

To Order:
Write or call Toll-free (800) 431-2818
(N.Y.S. residents call 914-425-1535)

* add $3 for shipping in LIPS areas

* add $4 for CO.D. or non-UPS areas ^^^

JO* &.

dealer inquiries welcome ""^

All prices and specifications subject to change / Delivery subject to availability.

add $5 to CANADA or MEXICO
add proper postage elsewhere

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Full text of "PROFILES - Volume 3 Number 5 (1985-12)(Kaypro Corp)(US)"

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